Analysis Of Tom Scott s Charter System - 1828 Words

Tom Scott found ways around the charter system in America and opened the doors for corporations to turn into monopolies. A monopoly is a company that has outmatched all other competition to where there is no more competition. without competition the company can charge whatever price they choose and no new competition ever challenges them because the monopoly buys out the new competition. Tom Scott made it so corporations could buy stock from other companies. Ted Nace explains Scott worked for a railroad. He was a very wealthy man and used his money and power within the company to make promises to people, such as building railroads to boost economic growth. These promises got him enough votes to be elected into the state congress. He then used his power to relieve taxation on the railroad and sway opinions of the people. Then to help his company expand Scott created a company that could modify its own charter. Scott then used this company to buy out other railroad companies creating a monopoly (Nace, 2003). Scott created what is know as a holding company. These companies are used to â€Å"hold† assets of a large corporation. Because Scott modified the charter he was then able to secretly buy other companies without gaining suspicion from the federal government. Scotts power was the beginning of corporations becoming more powerful than the government. The government is having a constantly changing view on corporations. One minute the government makes laws to help corporations andShow MoreRelatedTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 PagesFeatured discussion In your experience, what is the TOP #1 cause for Project failure? From experience, the following are the TOP10 causes of Project failure that Mathew can think of (they are not in any kind of order): #1. Lacking Sponsor s Involvement/Ownership #2. Halo Effect (Wrong Man for the Job) #3. Poor HR Management #4. Poor/Inadequate Project Communications #5. Ignoring Project Stakeholders #6. Absence of Risk Management #7. Scope Creep/Unrealistic Expectations ( scope creep:Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesthe case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie music industry C A S E F I VRead MoreEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age12587 Words   |  51 PagesEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age (Free Executive Summary) http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11896.html Free Executive Summary Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age James Waldo, Herbert S. Lin, and Lynette I. Millett, Editors, Committee on Privacy in the Information Age, National Research Council ISBN: 978-0-309-10392-3, 456 pages, 6 x 9, hardback (2007) This free executive summary is provided by the National Academies as part of our mission to educateRead MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pages2003, 2000, 1998, 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and printRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageson acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys tem, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permissionRead MoreManagers Explore and Exploit9261 Words   |  38 PagesOrganizational Ambidexterity in Action: How Managers Explore and Exploit Author(s): Charles A. OReilly III and Michael L. Tushman Reviewed work(s): Source: California Management Review, Vol. 53, No. 4 (Summer 2011), pp. 5-22 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/cmr.2011.53.4.5 . Accessed: 27/11/2011 04:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreVideo Notes29279 Words   |  118 Pages |2, 15 |27 | |Pearson Education: Information Technology |3, 4, 10 |31 | |Process Analysis at Starwood |4 |33 | |Starwood: Process Performance and Quality |5 |37 Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead MoreErp Sap Research Paper46896 Words   |  188 PagesPRENTICE HALL MA NAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS TITLES MIS: Brown/DeHayes/Hoffer /Martin/Perkins, Managing Information Technology 6/e  © 2009 JessuplValacich, Information Systems Today 31e  © 2008 Kr oenke, Using MIS 21e  © 2009 Kr oenke, Experiencing MIS  © 2008 Laudon/Laudon, Management Information Systems 10le  © 2007 Laudon/Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems 81e  © 2009 Luftman et aI., Managing the IT Resource  © 2004 Malaga, Information Systems Technology  © 2005 McKeen/Smith, IT StrategyRead MoreMandinka Empire21578 Words   |  87 Pagescolonial British and plantation records, and numerous mentions of slaves in colonial newspaper accounts, including ads for runaway slaves. However, Pollitzer’s analysis of the Gullah suffers some by not fully appreciating the connectedness of Mande culture and language back in west Africa. Another rare defect in this important book is that his analysis of Lorenzo Turner’s seminal Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect seems too literal in its reliance on Turne r’s African-language speakers of the 1940s who singled

Celebrity Power Essay - 2156 Words

Introduction Living in the twenty-first century we are exposed to media whether it is television, films, magazines, or tabloids. Celebrities play a huge role in people’s lives by acting as role models for those seeking guidance or advice. Celebrity characteristics and the way we view them have a significant impact on choices we make especially decisions regarding health. Sometimes it isn’t realized that a celebrity actually influenced a choice you’ve made. Although scholars have claimed that celebrities have influenced body image perception, they have neglected to fully appreciate the impacts that celebrities have on issues such as drug use, eating habits and cosmetic appearance. Therefore, scholars must focus on all related health issues†¦show more content†¦During BIRG, fans have a tendency to envision themselves closely connected with teams that win. Fans using the words like â€Å"we won† are evidence of this phenomenon. Most people are also more likely to wear the teams’ apparel after a win. Tendencies to bask in reflected glory help to explain why people develop an imagined association with the athlete or team and shape associated responses like heightened joy after a remarkable win. Conversely, even with losing teams, fans can develop a strong attachment that can induce fans to be loyal although the team is mediocre. The second theory, parasocial interaction, conceptualized by Horton and Wohl, is basically â€Å"an imaginary relationship between a television viewer and the television personality or â€Å"persona†Ã¢â‚¬  (Horton Wohl 1956). W.J. Brown says that, â€Å"Parasocial relationships with celebrities occur through a variety of mediated contexts† (362). For example, an audience can develop parasocial interaction or relationships with sports celebrities through going to sporting events, watching sports on television, viewing commercials that feature athletes and collecting memorabilia. Lastly, identif ication is the third theory that can explain how individuals can become involved with a sports celebrity. In the 25th issue of Public Opinion Quarterly, Kelman describes two means of identification. The first he called classical identification, and defines as, â€Å"attempts to be like or actually be the other person†Show MoreRelatedDo Celebrities Get Special Treatment? Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesnothing else but talk about this celebrities, most praise how they dress and how the handle daily routines. It has come to the point that some celebrities seem to have certain immunity. Why does it seem that they can get away with things that an average person will not even dare to do. Are they better than the average American, or is their behavior reasonable. What drives a celebrity to act so irresponsible to themselves and those around them. Many celebrities have been involved in criminal actsRead MoreThe Media Of A Media1385 Words   |  6 Pagesreaders. Many ads throughout the magazine feature celebrities. This ad, in particular, features Ariana Grande. She is an actor and singer. She may appeal better to the readers of the magazine then say, Michael Jordan. It also helps that while being a celebrity she is thought to be very beautiful and talented. The majority of the readers of Allure may find this appealing. They want to be beautiful and talented like her. Just like many celebrities are used to sell products to the consumer, they makeRead MoreStrategic/Operational Planning (Nike) Essay696 Words   |  3 Pagescaters to the environment. This influences Nike’s goals. Nike wants to provide quality and innovative services and products internally and externally(Nike Repository). Another goal of the company is to invest in community-based initiatives that use the power of sport to unleash potential and improve t he lives of youth (Nike Repository). Nike can successfully achieve these goals through different types of planning. To provide high quality service, Nike can create an approach using operational planningRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Years Of Living Dangerously 1218 Words   |  5 PagesShowtime uses famous celebrities to star on a climate change documentary; the cable network, uses these celebrities ethos to gain the mainstream attention on a serious matter as climate change is. We can see celebrities such as Harrison Ford and Don Cheadle traveling around the world and U.S respectively to thoroughly understand the real factor that affect the climate and people’s believe in its drastic change. Harrison Ford begins by establish himself more than just a celebrity, but as someone whoRead MoreSpecial Treatment for Celebrities: The Law Should Apply to All993 Words   |  4 PagesEver picked up a newspaper and read about a celebrity drive while being drunk, then they get pulled over are accused of being offensive to the arresting officer and other people. then several weeks later you hear ab out this same person being only charged with a minor offense when you remember it was a DUI (driving under the influence). Why does the law help these celebrities. Being a celebrity exposes them to the public, and many celebrities take advantage of this in many ways. from endorsing sportswearRead MoreThe Rhetoric Of Celebrity Rhetoric1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe rhetoric of celebrity endorsement in the current US political campaign In an age were social media sits at the forefront of global connectivity and communication, the political arena has never had been more exposed the unpredictable nature of public engagement and response. It shouldn’t come as a surprise that the formality and ceremony of traditional political engagement has, to an extent, been abandoned. Throughout the course of the 2016 US presidential election, celebrities have used theirRead MorePaparazzi Policy Speech1511 Words   |  7 PagesBeing a celebrity means putting up with people wanting to take pictures with you and signing your autograph all the time. Everyone understands its in the job description to be followed and stared at. But when does a person taking a harmless picture cross the line into harassment? Yes its sad to think that these people dont get any privacy anymore, but what most of us need to worry about is that it could affect us next. Paparazzi have gotten more wild and out of control over the years and if we dontRead MoreThe Cult of Contemporary Celebrity Essay1367 Words   |  6 PagesCelebrity: (noun) 1. A well known person. 2. Fame, being famous. No doubt every simian tribe of hunter-gatherers had their local celebrities: the woman who gave birth to quintuplets, the boy who swallowed a porcupine and survived, the man who wrestled with a tyrannosaurus and... well, he probably would have died, but celebrity status would have been applied posthumously. nbsp;If, however, the man wrestling with a Tyrannosaurus was a modern Hollywood celebrity, not only would he have livedRead MoreThe Beauty Of Cosmetic Surgery899 Words   |  4 PagesElliott (2011) argued that popular and media culture today are introducing a wholesale shift away from a focus on personalities to celebrity body-parts and their artificial enhancement. The interest of celebrity is gazing at their body-parts, and it links the relationship between celebrity culture and cosmetic surgery. While there is a desire on being alike to the celebrity can achieve beauty, the demand of cosmetic surgery has increased in the society. As not many people could meet the standard ofRead MoreHow are the Majority of Celebrities Inappropriate Role Models for the Youth?1262 Words   |  5 PagesPeople look up to celebrities as role models, the youth especially. The youth believes that if they imitate these cynosures they will become affluent and legendary. Famous people imply that if the y outh act insubordinately they will be successful in life. Celebrities of today are not appropriate role models for this generation. A celebrity is a famous or well-known person, someone who has fame or is renowned (dictionary.com). When people think of a celebrity they think of someone they would see

A Collection of the Best Thanksgiving Quotes

Ah, the cherished holiday of Thanksgiving. There are no gifts to buy ahead of time, except maybe a nice bottle of wine or bouquet of flowers for the hosts on your way to your family celebration. You just gather, eat your favorite dishes that remind you of Grandma, enjoy each others company for the day, and then take leftovers home. Then as you heat them up in the microwave the next day (or in the middle of the night after heading out for doorbuster deals with your besties, also a tradition), you are thankful again. To prep for your celebration or as a reflection on the day and its meaning before shopping season overtakes us all, here are several lists of famous humorous and inspirational sayings about being grateful and humorous quips about this, the tastiest of holidays. As William Shakespeare wrote, Small cheer and great welcome makes a merry feast. On God and Heaven G.A. Johnston Ross If I have enjoyed the hospitality of the Host of this universe, Who daily spreads a table in my sight, surely I cannot do less than acknowledge my dependence. Jeremy Taylor God is pleased with no music from below so much as with the thanksgiving songs of relieved widows and supported orphans; of rejoicing, comforted, and thankful persons. Robert Casper Lintner Thanksgiving is nothing if not a glad and reverent lifting of the heart to God in honor and praise for His goodness. Izaak Walton God has two dwellings; one in heaven, and the other in a meek and thankful heart. John Baillie The very fact that a man is thankful implies someone to be thankful to. Johannes A. Gaertner To speak gratitude is courteous and pleasant, to enact gratitude is generous and noble, but to live gratitude is to touch Heaven. Garrison Keillor Thank you, God, for this good life and forgive us if we do not love it enough. On Gratitude and Giving Thanks Frank A. Clark If a fellow isnt thankful for what hes got, he isnt likely to be thankful for what hes going to get. Konrad von Gesner Best of all is it to preserve everything in a pure, still heart, and let there be for every pulse a  thanksgiving, and for every breath a song. Brother David Steindl-Rast Love wholeheartedly, be surprised,  give thanks  and praise†¦then you will discover the fullness of your life. Estonian Proverb Who does not thank for little will not thank for much. Melody Beattie   Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today, and creates a vision for tomorrow. W.J. Cameron   Thanksgiving, after all, is a word of action. Gerald Good If you want to turn your life around, try thankfulness. It will change your life mightily. Eugene Cloutier To know the value of generosity, it is necessary to have suffered from the cold indifference of others. Willie Nelson   When I started counting my blessings, my whole life turned around. William Ward   Feeling gratitude and not expressing it is like wrapping a present and not giving it. Charles E. Jefferson Gratitude is born in hearts that take time to count up past mercies. Donald Curtis   It is impossible to be negative while we are giving thanks. E.J. Conrad One distinguishing mark of an unregenerate man is ingratitude. Henry Clay Courtesies of a small and trivial character are the ones which strike deepest in the grateful and appreciating heart. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe If we meet someone who owes us thanks, we right away remember that. But how often do we meet someone to whom we owe thanks without remembering that? W.T. Purkiser Not what we say about our blessings, but how we use them, is the true measure of our thanksgiving. Charles Spurgeon Before you go out into the world, wash your face in the clear crystal of praise. Bury each yesterday in the fine linen and spices of thankfulness. Elbert Hubbard I would rather be able to appreciate things I cannot have than to have things I am not able to appreciate. Seneca Nothing is more honorable than a grateful heart. Phillips Brooks Stand up, on this Thanksgiving Day, stand upon your feet. Believe in man. Soberly and with clear eyes, believe in your own time and place. There is not, and there never has been a better time, or a better place to live in. E.P. Powell Thanksgiving Day is a jewel, to set in the hearts of honest men; but be careful that you do not take the day, and leave out the gratitude. Victor Hugo To give thanks in solitude is enough. Thanksgiving has wings and goes where it must go. Your prayer knows much more about it than you do. Frederick Keonig We tend to forget that happiness doesnt come as a result of getting something we dont have, but rather of recognizing and appreciating what we do have. Albert Pine What we do for ourselves dies with us. What we do for others and the world remains and is immortal. Charles Haddon Spurgeon You say, If I had a little more, I should be very satisfied. You make a mistake. If you are not content with what you have, you would not be satisfied if it were doubled. On Food and Humor Margaret Junkin Preston But see, in our open clearings, how golden the melons lie; Enrich them with sweets and spices, and give us the pumpkin pie! Irv Kupcine An optimist is a person who starts a new diet on Thanksgiving Day. Arnold Schwarzenegger I love Thanksgiving turkey...its the only time in Los Angeles that you see natural breasts. Kevin James Thanksgiving, man! Not a good day to be my pants. Erma Bombeck Thanksgiving dinners take 18 hours to prepare. They are consumed in 12 minutes. Half-times take 12 minutes. This is not a coincidence. Rita Rudner My mother is such a lousy cook that  Thanksgiving  at her house is a time of sorrow. Jon Stewart I celebrated Thanksgiving the old-fashioned way. I invited everyone in my neighborhood to my house, we had an enormous feast, and then I killed them and took their land. History Samuel Adams, First Official Thanksgiving Proclamation It is therefore recommended...to set apart Thursday the 18th day of December next, for solemn thanksgiving and praise, that with one heart and one voice the good people may express the grateful feelings of their hearts and consecrate themselves to the service of their divine benefactor. H.U. Westermayer The Pilgrims made seven times more graves than huts. No Americans have been more impoverished than these who, nevertheless, set aside a day of thanksgiving. Alexander Pope Our rural ancestors, with little blest, Patient of  labour  when the end was rest, Indulged the day that housed their annual grain, With feasts, and  offrings, and a thankful strain. Ellen Orleans I have strong doubts that the first Thanksgiving even remotely resembled the history I was told in second grade. But considering that [when it comes to holidays] mainstream Americas traditions tend to be overeating, shopping, or getting drunk, I suppose its a miracle that the concept of giving thanks even surfaces at all.

Compare And Contrasting Famas Articles - 1148 Words

Comparing and contrasting Fama’s articles (1971, 1990), this work will critically assess the development of EMH during the 1970 to 1991 period. Firstly, it provides the reader to a short introduction to the EMH and to comparison the major changes between two articles. Thereafter, the main focus will be concentrated on second article and its critical evaluation of results obtained. The main purpose of the capital market is to provide the investors with accurate signals for resource allocation. It is possible when market security prices do â€Å"fully reflect† available information providing the opportunity to make production-investment decisions. Such markets are also called the â€Å"efficient†. A precondition for this is that information and trading costs equal to 0. Moreover, the joint hypothesis problem is the main obstacle about market efficiency because it must be tested jointly with some asset pricing models. In article of 1971, Fama categorised market efficiency into three main forms. Weak form is based on the historical data of the stock prices. The semi-strong form tests how efficiently prices adapt to the publically available information. The third form is concerned whether any given market participants having monopolistic access to the creation of the stock prices. Final Draft – Return Predictability: In short, the new work rejects the old constant expected returns model that seems to perform well in the early work. It is rejected due to such findings as

First 48 vs. Cold Case Files Free Essays

First 48 vs. Cold Case Files There are many different types of murder shows. I have two that are my favorite shows to watch. We will write a custom essay sample on First 48 vs. Cold Case Files or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both are reality shows, because I lose interest quickly when it is not about things that are really happening. As you know the news never tells you everything about what happens. First 48 is the name of the first one. It focuses on the present murders and the detectives that work the crime scene. It is set in the first forty-eight hours after the crime has been committed. The second show, Cold Case Files is a show that focuses on old murder case, that have went on for years without being solved. They both deal in murders though differently. Both shows have the detectives, and they both give details the news would not release. My most favorite is the First 48 this show follows homicide detectives in real life investigations. The main idea behind naming the show First 48 is, after the first forty eight hours the chances of solving a murder are cut in half. First 48 focuses on the perpetrator of the crime, witnesses, the discovery of the bodies as it happens, and with real footage. With First 48 unfortunately not all the cases get solved by the end of the show. The show goes to the top police departments in the United States, such as Miami, Birmingham, Vegas, and Memphis just to name a few. The detectives show you how the case develops as the hours tick down. At the bottom of the screen the views are notified with a clock counting down. You get to see the arrest and the interrogation of the perpetrator as it happens. They also show the viewer interviews as they happen with the witness, families, and friends of the victim. Most of the crime on First 48 happens in bad neighborhoods, so sometimes the detectives run into obstacles because the witnesses are scared for their life. Occasionally in better neighborhoods witnesses are more willing to help detectives, and the case gets solved quickly. The viewer gets to see the pain, anger and loss from family and friends of the victim as if you were there. It can be hard to watch some of the cases because they are so sad to see such young people lose their lives to gang and drug violence. I remember an episode where there was a little girl that was nine years old and she was a witness to her parent murder. The offender walked into the house, and shot everyone in the house. There were four kids and two adults and the nine year was the only was the only survivor. It was so disturbing at the end to find out that it was her uncle that was the perpetrator. In contrast to First 48, Cold Case Files is about cases that have â€Å"gone coldâ€Å". A case that has gone cold is a case that has been unsolved for years. Cold Case Files also takes you through the investigation process, they do cases from everywhere in the United States. They use new technology and old-fashion police work to find the killers who think the hunt is off, but what they don’t know is that just because a case goes cold that doesn’t mean it is closed. The show takes you step by step to see-through the methods used to catch the murders. They investigate each piece of existing evidence, the witnesses, and all the old leads with modern technology. Cold Case Files also has interviews with the family, police officers, some from when the crime happened, and some from now about what happened then. They have interviews with the new detectives on the case that have solved the cases. It also does reenactments of the crimes, and some may be a little graphic for some people. I watched an episode where was a lady and her boyfriend who were in their back yard getting ready for a vacation. She left her ex-boyfriend because he was an abusive man. As they were gathering their belongings up, her ex snuck up on them and shot them both in the face at close range. Her boyfriend died on the scene, but she survived. Her ex was on the run for thirty years. This episode showed pictures of her face before, immediately after, and thirty years later after his conviction. The cold cases always get solved before the end of the show. The cases range from crimes of passion, murder for money, to serial murders. The narrator helps fill in gaps of information and helps to move the viewer along with the cases, his name is Bill Kurtis. The show was also nominated for prime time Emmy’s in 2004 and 2005. As you can see they are both great show with many similarities and big differences which I will go into detail for you now. First, both shows are about solving murders. Although, each does it in totally different ways, with the First 48 the crimes are murders that have happened in the last few years. Whereas, Cold Case Files, it is totally about cases that have gone cold for several years. They both have homicide detectives that solve and work the cases. Though in First 48 you get to know the detectives personally, with Cold Case Files they do not get personal with their detectives. With Cold Case Files they deal with murders around the United States. They have both been nominated for awards, and have wonderful narrators, such as Bill Kurtis for Cold Case Files. As you can see both First 4and Cold Case Files can easily catch a viewer attention because they are very suspenseful. On First 48 it really sad to me to know there are so many murders that happen from day to day. Whereas, for Cold Case Files it is remarkable how many murders go unsolved. See how long some murderers’ walk around free in our world not having to pay for their crimes, which they have committed. All of the things that are different and alike about First 48 and Cold Case Files are the reason I like them so much. How to cite First 48 vs. Cold Case Files, Papers

Deforestation of columbia Essay Example For Students

Deforestation of columbia Essay I have chosen deforestation of Colombia. Colombias forest account for approximately 49 percent. Colombias forests are the home of 55,000 plant species and 358 mammal species, 15 percent of the worlds primates. Currently, 1,000 plants species and 24 mammals species are threatened with extinction largely because of mass deforestation. Each year, a total of 1. 5 to 2.2 million acres is lost to deforestation. At this rate, Colombias woodlands will be depleted in 40 years. Already one-third of this countrys original forest lands have felled. Colombias Pacific region consists of lush rainforests and contains most of the countrys natural resources. Under Colombias ambitious plans to develop their economy, the area has become targeted for the extraction and exportation of natural resources on the last ten years. The scheme is known as Plan Pacifico. Under the plan, one hundred and sixty thousand hectares are destroyed each year for wood and paper or to make way for agro-industrial production of African palm. There has been a considerable drop in mangrove coverage with the installation of commercial shrimp farms, and massive sedimentation and mercury contamination in rivers has been caused by deforestation and uncontrolled mining. The forests are also inhabited by Colombias ingenious and much of its black population who secure their live hoods through sustainable means. They started to erode the social and economic structures of these communities. They started to abuse drugs and hurt people of the country. Crime, alcoholism and domestic violence has sharply increased in recent years. I think they should not cut the trees on the forest and gave up the Plan Pacifico. I think the people of Colombia should take care of their forest because they own it. .

Operating Systems Essay Example For Students

Operating Systems Essay An operating system is the program that manages all the application programs in a computer system. This also includes managing the input and output devices, and assigning system resources. Operating systems evolved as the solution to the problems that were evident in early computer systems, and coincide with the changing computer systems. Three cycles are clear in the evolution of computers, the mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers, and each of these stages influenced the development of operating systems. Now, advances in software and hardware technologies have resulted in an increased demand for more sophisticated and powerful operating systems, with each new generation able to handle and perform more complex tasks. The folowing report examines the development of operating systems, and how the changing tehcnology shaped the evolution of operating systems. First Generation Computers (1945?1955)In the mid?1940s enormous machines capable of performing numerical calculations were created. The machine consisted of vacuum tubes and plugboards, and programming was done purely in machine code. Programming languages were unheard of during the early part of the period, and each machine was specifically assembled to carry out a particular calculation. These early computers had no need for an operating system and were operated directly from the operators console by a computer programmer, who had immediate knowledge of the computers design. By the early 1950s punched cards were introduced, allowing programs to be written and read directly from the card, instead of using plugboards. Second Generation Computers (1955?1965)In the mid?1950s, the transistor was introduced, creating a more reliable computer. Computers were used primarily for scientific and engineering calculations and were programmed mainly in FORTRAN and assembly language. As computers became more reliable they also became more business orientated, although they were still very large and expensive. Because of the expenditure, the productiveness of the system had to be magnified as to ensure cost effectiveness. Job scheduling and the hiring of computer operators, ensured that the computer was used effectively and crucial time was not wasted. Loading the compliers was a time consuming process as each complier was kept on a magnetic tape, which had to be manually mounted. This became a problem particularly when there were multiple jobs to execute written in different languages (mainly in Assembly or Fortran). Each card and tape had to individually be installed, executed then removed for each program. To combat this problem, the Batch System was developed. This meant that all the jobs were grouped into batches and read by one computer (usually an IBM 1401) then executed one after the other on the mainframe computer (usually an IBM 7094), eliminating the need to swap tapes or cards between programs. The first operating system was designed by General Motors for the IBM 701. It was called Input/Output System, and consisted of a small set of code that provided a common set of procedures to be used to access the input and output devices. It also allowed each program to access the code when finished and accepted and loaded the next program. However, there was a need to improve the sharing of programs, which led to the development of the SOS (Share operating system), in 1959. The SOS provided buffer management and supervision for I/O devices as well as support for programming in assembly language. Around the same time as SOS was being developed, the first operating system to support programming in a high?level language was achieved. FMS (Fortran Monitoring System) incorporated a translator for IBMs FORTRAN language, which was widely used as most programs where written in this language. Third Generation Computers (1965?1980)In the late 1960s IBM created the System/360 which was a series of software compatible computers ranging in different power of performance and price. The machines had the same architecture and instruction set, which allowed programs written for one machine to be executed on another. The operating system required to run on this family of computers has to be able to work on all models, be backwards compatible and be able to run on both small and large systems. The software written to handle these different requirements was OS/360, which consisted of millions of lines of assembly language written by thousands of different programmers. It also contained thousands of bugs,