The Terrible Trade Of The Slave Trade - 2324 Words

Maddie Long Mrs. Smith Pre-AP English 10 19 October 2015 The Terrible Trade Screams for relief, cries for comfort, and moans for death all revolved around the slave trade. The slave trade is an event that not only impacted Africa, but the whole world even still today. This essay will explain how cultures were ruined and families were torn apart. The slave trade has influenced history worldwide because it has impacted continents economically, socially, and politically. The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. The legs of the triangular trade stretch from Europe to Africa, Africa to the Western Hemisphere, then back to Europe again. This was a great route for Europeans to get ships around the world quickly and efficiently. This is how the slave trade began (Meltzer 9). Most everyone in the world today has a descendant of slavery. Enslavement is a human being that is possessed by someone else, who does labor for free unwillingly. An owner could range from a king, queen, noble, tribe, government, clergy, or business owner. Slaves were considered similar to horses in a way because they could be bought, sold, hired out, exchanged, given as a gift, or inherited (1-9). The slave trade was more than five hundred miles long and extended from Africa to the Americas. At least 30,000-55,000 ships went through the middle passage in the time of 1508-1888. In addition, only 9,778,500 out of the 11,698,000 slaves made it to the Americas.Show MoreRelatedThe Terrible Trade Of The Slave Trade2289 Words   |  10 Pages2015 The Terrible Trade Screams for relief, cries for comfort, and moans for death all revolved around the slave trade. The slave trade is an event that not only impacted Africa, but the whole world. This essay will explain how cultures were ruined and families were torn apart. The slave trade has influenced history worldwide because it has impacted countries economically, socially, and politically. The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. Legs ofRead MoreThe Decline Of The Slave Trade1107 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom slaves caused African slaves to be traded. European empires desperately wanted power, and to gain power, they needed money. At the time, they thought trading African slaves was the easiest way to gain money and eventually reach their biggest goal, power. Power was the biggest goal for all empires. As a result, this began the Atlantic slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade was the biggest deportation in history. Often called the first system of globalization was the Atlantic slave trade. ThisRead MoreAfricans in America: the Terrible Transformation Response/Reflection1605 Words   |  7 PagesAfricans in America: The Terrible Transformation Response/Reflection The video titled Africans in America: The Terrible Transformation thoroughly reassesses the history of slavery. The documentary tells of how slavery was brought to America, and of the conditions under which these slaves were forced to live. The trade that began in Africa was not initially focused on trading humans, but rather on gold. Gradually, the British took control and started trafficking Africans to their colonies in AmericaRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans, where they suffered cruel treatment. They were set in terrible conditions, were closer to death due to the fact that the ships contained diseases. The ship s contained mucus and other bodily fluids, which tortured slaves since they were living in an environment filled with bad germs that could really affect their health. Every day slaves were beaten up, discriminated and treated they were treated like non living human beings. Slaves were hated, to the point where there would be blood and coldRead MoreEssay about African Slave Trade1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact on the African slave trade during 16th centuries to 19th centuries was huge. The economy of those countries which allowed African slave trade grew bigger and bigger. For instance, America, a huge land that had nothing before the trade, started to gain some profit out of farming and increased hugely on population. They used a big amount of African slaves to farm and work. And this created the economy better in America. Also Europeans, which were only one million people brought up 5.5 millionRead More Slavery Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history of slavery in America, and the terrible unfair reality that slaves had to deal with. When the Meso American, or the Middle American natives first encountered the Europeans, they were very familiar with slavery. Among the most advanced civilizations in Central America was the Aztecs and Maya. In these places slavery, although not necessary, was common. The Aztec used the the same methods for getting slaves as other cultures. Slaves were prisoners of war, criminals, debtors,Read MoreWhat A Terrible Blight That Would Be On The Heart Of A Free, Intelligent Father889 Words   |  4 PagesWhen slaves married, if the bride was still a slave, the slave owner would retain ownership of the family’s children, who would have to follow the mother’s condition of slavery. Even though slaves would often dream of freedom, they had little hope in a future that looked so discouraging. Linda said of her master, â€Å"He had an iron will, and was determined to keep me, and to conquer me.† Then, about her lover, she said, â€Å"Even if he could have obtained permission to marry me while I was a slave, theRead MoreWhy Did Slave Trading Intensify in Nineteenth-Century East Africa?1103 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 19th century the East Africa was marked by the sadness event of slave trading in response to larger demanding markets. For a long time the exportation of slaves was made through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to supply the Muslin world. However there was a greatly expansion of slave trades to the Atlantic ocean during 19th century. The slave trading increase during the 19th century due to the fact that the exportation of slaves was a profitable business, more than five times the export of ivoryRead MoreThe Difficult and Devastating Lives of African People725 Words   |  3 Pageswere the most common day for Africans. Until, the middle passage emerged, also known as the Slave Trade. Africans were taken through a devastating ride through history in the making. Africans were kidnapped out of nowhere by the â€Å"white men†. The British, the Europeans, the Caucasian all took part of this â€Å"middle passage era†. Africans were taken two by two, and singled file up the docks of the slave ships. Frozen in shock could not even compare what the feelings, and the thoughts of the AfricansRead MoreSocial Studies Coursework868 Words   |  4 Pages Africans became slaves in several ways. Describe three (3) ways in which Africans became slaves. [10 marks] Answer Slavery is the state of being under the control of another person and is a form of forced labor in which people are considered to be, or treated as the property of others. As Source B says, slavery existed in West Africa before the Europeans went there. Black People were the slaves of other black people. Before that time in Europe

Humorous Analysis Of The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar...

Ironic Revenge in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most recognized and praised fiction writers in world literature. Not only does he masterfully create the atmosphere of suspense and danger in his short stories, he also builds up a sophisticated blend of horror and elegant irony that haunts the reader and reveals the complexity of Poe’s literary talent. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a perfect example of such combination. In this twisted short story of revenge, Poe puts an emphasis on the ironic tone in order to highlight the relationship between Montresor and his victim Fortunato and reveal the evil nature of Montresor’s desire for cruel vengeance. The plot of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is fairly†¦show more content†¦Such a sharp contrast between the atmosphere of happiness and the growing tension between the characters comprises Poe’s ironic tone in the story. The dialogues between the two men and the opposition of their characters as well reveal the leitmotif of irony throughout the story. Montresor offers various hints and observations with a hidden meaning to his victim, and Fortunato’s ignorant reaction to them creates the impression of innocent mockery that only adds to the tension between the antagonists. The heraldic emblem of Montresor’s family presents the central object of irony in the conversation between the men (Stepp 447). For instance, when Montresor refers to his to his family heritage, Fortunato does not understand his enemy’s implication behind the family motto: â€Å"– And the motto? – Nemo me impune lacessit. – Good!† he said. (Poe 164) The men’s further discussion of Masons also bears an ironic context when Montresor shows his trowel as a proof of his Mason membership. This pun as well hints at Montresor’s intention to bury Fortunato inside the vaults. Nevertheless, the victim stays oblivious to the plans of his murderer. It is worth mentioning that even Fortunato’s name, translated as â€Å"lucky† or â€Å"fortunate† underlines his tragic destiny and contributes toShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1232 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the text â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, some sources will be used to support the thesis statement, which is â€Å"The author uses irony in the text to illustrate the murder of Fortunado by Montresor, who seeks salvation through death†. Also, there is going to be an analysis on the irony found in the text in relation with the story. To support this thesis, I am going to use some examples from some s ources such as â€Å"Literary analysis: Irony in The Cask of Amontillado by Amelia TibbettRead MoreThe Cask of Amontialldo1026 Words   |  5 PagesNever Have Too Much Pride The insult had been done, and Montresor was out for revenge on Fortunato. Not a soul but Montresor knew what the insult may have been, but this is what makes the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe. The story is about a man, Montresor, who receives a wine that Fortunato, the wine expert, is looking for. During a carnival, Montresor persuades Fortunato to take him to his personal wine cellars, located in the catacombs. Fortunato became impaired, MontresorRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

The Tragic Lives Of Michael Corleone And John The Savage Though The E Essay Example For Students

The Tragic Lives Of Michael Corleone And John The Savage: Though The E Essay yes Of Joseph CampbellBrendan Tyo10/8/01People in literature, theater, and real life can all be viewed as tragic heroes. In order to fully understand this effect, one must observe what a man named Joseph Campbell calls the hero circle. This circle consists of specific significant stops in the heros journey. John the Savage of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World and Michael Corleone of The Godfather, both fit into Mr. Campbells model of a heroic journey. John and Michael Corleone share similar heroic lives at their special births, small battles, and boon stages of their journeys. Both John and Corleone are born with a certain kind of power as a result of their detachment from the world that they can never fully know. John has a certain unique kind of power as son of the Director of the very society that alienates him. John shows his surprise when he discovers the truth about his father, He came in at once . . . fell on his knees in front of the Director, and said in a clear voice: My father (Huxley 151). The combination of the Director as his father and his birth as a member of the savage community spark Johns detachment from the London society. Corleones desire to break away from the familys crime business is always overcome by his birth into it. On J. Geoff Maltas The Godfather internet fan page, Corleone is quoted as saying, Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in (Malta 3). This illustrates the merciless undertow of the familys organized crime business. Corleones birth into the family continues to plague him until the very end of his journey. Both John and Corleones births served as starting points for their tragic stories. While Johns lack of choice of destiny detaches him from the London society, Corleones lack of desire and passion for his occupation alienates him from the society of the family business. Though Corleone is discontent with the concrete outcomes of his birth, John is also an outsider as a result of his own. While John and Corleone both had similar births, they also faced comparable small battles in their journeys. John and Corleone both face the death of family members as tests or small battles in their journeys. John deals with the painful loss of his mother when Linda passes away. Huxley illustrates Johns devastation in Chapter 14, Quick, quick! He caught her by the sleeve, dragged her after him. Quick! Somethings happened. Ive killed her. . . . The Savage stood for a moment in frozen silence, then fell on his knees beside the bed and, covering his face with his hands, sobbed uncontrollably (Huxley 206). Johns actions show how traumatic Lindas death is to him, challenging him to continue his life as a tragic hero. Corleone faces the near death of his loving father after an assassination attempt. A scene analysis of The Godfather describes Corleones tragedy and what followed, When his father is shot though, Michael takes revenge on the people who did it and becomes part of the Mafia lifestyle. When his older brother is murdered, Michael ascends to become the boss of the family, and proves to be more ruthless than his father and brother combined (Glass 1). Corleones experiences challenge him to make a difficult choice between reason and revenge. Both John and Corleones encounters with death serve as catalysts in becoming tragic heroes. The heroes find death testing their love and loyalty to their families. Also, each of them go through small, but difficult battles to recover from their losses including emotional breakdown for John and uncontrollable aggression for Corleone. Though John and Corleone deal with like obstacles, they also both meet similar ends to their heroic lives. .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .postImageUrl , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:hover , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:visited , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:active { border:0!important; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:active , .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271 .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6428efc48597fd01569ea55e1b870271:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Holocaust: Number The Stars EssayIn the end of each of John and Corleones journeys, death functions as their boons. Johns death is the only way he can get away from the society that plagued him. Huxley describes Johns end: That evening the swarm of helicopters that came buzzing across the Hogs Back . . . Savage! called the first arrivals, as they alighted from their machine. Mr. Savage! (Huxley 259). This portrays Johns inability to break away from the perverse sheepish members of the London society. To Corleone, death seems like the only return to legitimacy and sanity that he can obtain. J. Geoff Maltas internet fan page of The Godfather quotes Corleone describing th e sins that haunt him: I betrayed my wife. I betrayed myself. I killed men and I ordered men to be killed. Ah, its useless I killed I ordered the death of my brother. He injured me. I killed my mothers son. I killed my fathers son (Malta 2). When he says this, he is old and struggling to find some shred of validity in a world of crime. The way he expresses his actions suggests that he will never find a way to cut away from his life as a barbaric Mafioso. Both John and Corleones deaths act as their only form of escape they can find. They are too fed up with the tedious and painful lives of alienation and invalidity that they lead. They also both can not find any sort of rational distraction that can take their minds from the pain of their tragic lives. While Johns death is different from Corleones in that Corleone did not commit suicide, they are similar due to the fact that they serve as an escape for each of them. Although John the Savage and Michael Corleone take different paths in their journeys, they have few differences in the nature of their births, battles, and boons. Each was born with a similar kind of power. They both face death in the family. Lastly, the only way that they can achieve true peace is through their own deaths. As Joseph Campbell asserted, all tragic heroes follow a set course. John the Savage and Michael Corleone are no different; the actions that make their roles so similar are those that ultimately lead to their demise. Cinema and Television

Wwii Essay Research Paper At first the free essay sample

Wwii Essay, Research Paper At foremost the intelligence officers at the central office of the Gallic Foreign Legion in Sidi Bel Abb s, Algeria, were puzzled. The Legion had ever had a big complement of Germans in its ranks, but now, in malice of the Nazis # 8217 ; widespread run to deter Germans from enlisting, even larger Numberss were pouring in. In the late thirtiess, as more and more immature Germans were fall ining that celebrated contending force, the German imperativeness was violently assailing it, and the Nazi authorities demanded that enrolling be stopped. Books about the Legion were publically burned in Germany, and the force against Legion enrolling reached amusing highs when Propaganda Minister Josef Goebbels # 8217 ; section claimed that guiltless immature Germans were being hypnotized into fall ining. In 1938, a professional hypnotizer named Albert Zagula was really arrested in Karlsruhe and charged with the discourtesy. Still the Germans kept fall ining # 8211 ; until half the genitalias and 80 per centum of the noncommissioned officers in the Legion were German. We will write a custom essay sample on Wwii Essay Research Paper At first the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, it became apparent that this inflow had been orchestrated by German intelligence, the Abwehr, to destruct the Host from within. The new German Legionnaires came near to accomplishing the Abwehr # 8217 ; s aim. The Gallic Foreign Legion had ever attracted the dispossessed of every land, and in the 1930s there were plentifulness of refugees throughout Europe. First there were Spaniards, the also-rans in that state # 8217 ; s civil war ; so there were the Jews and others flying Nazi persecution ; subsequently, Czechs and Poles were added to the list as the German ground forces began its March across Europe. These recruits did non blend good with the new Germans in the Legion. The German noncommissioned officers terrorized the non-Germans under their charge. There were frequent battles and courts-martial. The officers could non swear their ain noncommissioned officers. Morale in the Legion plummeted, and there was even some talk of disbanding the full corps. When war was declared in 1939, the state of affairs was critical. To ease the job, big Numberss of German Legionnaires were shipped away to abandon outstations, and the ranks were filled with extra non-German refugees. But the Gallic governments still thought that there were excessively many Germans in the ranks, many perchance loyal Nazis, to put on the line directing the Legion to contend in Europe. Alternatively, four more foreign regiments were raised in France and trained by veteran Legion officers from North Africa. These Legionnaires garrisoned the Maginot Line, the twine of concrete fortresses that the Gallic had built as their chief defence against Germany. There, they remained inactive during the alleged # 8220 ; bogus war, # 8221 ; when neither the Allies nor the Germans took any serious violative action. In malice of the general reluctance to direct full Legion units to France, the Gallic governments decided that something had to be done with those loyal elements of the Legion that were still taging clip in North Africa and rubing for a battle. In early 1940, the old Host was given an active function. Volunteers were called for, and two battalions of 1,000 work forces each were assembled # 8211 ; one in Fez, Morocco, and the other in Sidi Bel Abb s. Volunteers for those units were carefully screened, and the lone Germans left them were seasoned Legionnaires of undisputed trueness. Those work forces were given new non-German names and false individuality documents to protect them in instance they were captured by the Germans. The two battalions were joined into the 13th Demi-Brigade ( 13e Demi-Brigade de la Legion Etrangere ) and put under the bid of Lt. Col. Magrin-Verneret, one of those military flakes who so frequently turned up in the Foreign Legion, a hard-boiled alumnus of St. Cyr and a veteran of World War I. As a consequence of lesions received in World War I, he had physical disablements that should long since have disqualified him from service. Severe caput lesions had been crudely operated on and left him with a awful pique, and surgery on a besotted limb had shortened one leg, doing a noticeable hitch. But he was a combatant, and that was all the Legion wanted. When the 13th Demi-Brigade arrived in France, the always-blas Legionnaires showed no surprise when they were issued a unusual new type of unvarying # 8211 ; and skis. Those veterans of the desert littorals were being trained to contend in Arctic snows and outfitted as mountain military personnels with heavy windbreaker, boots and snow nesss. They were bound for Finland, where the Allies were helping the Finns in their battle against the incursive Soviets, who were at that clip in conference with the Germans. But before the Legion left France, the Finns bowed to the overpowering power of the Soviets and accepted the enemy # 8217 ; s footings. The war in Finland was over. But there was another battle. Winston Churchill, so Britain # 8217 ; s first Godhead of the Admiralty, had urged the excavation of the Waterss around impersonal Norway, where the German naval forces was escorting convoys of Fe ore shipped from impersonal Sweden to provide the German war machine. At the same clip, Adolf Hitler had decided that the Germans must prehend Norway, non merely to protect the ore cargos but as a naval base for surface plunderers and Submarines. Soon ferocious sea conflicts raged between the Royal Navy and the Kreigsmarine, and at sea the British had the upper manus. Strong British land forces were besides shipped to Norway, but the Germans invaded the state. By April 1940, the Germans had occupied all of the chief Norse West seashore ports # 8211 ; from Narvik in the North to Kristiansand in the South and around the tip of the peninsula to Oslo, the capital. British and Norse forces fought hard, but without success. The British were ordered to evacuate Norway. The Allies had one more card to play. Although they had to abandon southern Norway, the Allies would try to wrest the northern port of Narvik from the Germans to forestall ore cargo. An amphibian assault was planned under the overall bid of British Lt. Gen. Claude Auchinleck, with the protective guns of the Royal Navy and utilizing chiefly Gallic and Polish military personnels. A cardinal portion of this force would be the 13th Demi-Brigade. When his subsidiaries asked why the 13th Demi-Brigade was traveling to Norway, Magrin-Verneret # 8217 ; s oft-quoted answer was typical of the Legionnaires # 8217 ; ours-is-not-to-reason-why attitude. # 8220 ; Why? My orders are to take Narvik. Why Narvik? For the Fe ore, for the anchovies, for the Norwegians? I haven # 8217 ; t the faintest idea. # 8221 ; The 13th Demi-Brigade was portion of a undertaking force called the 1st Light Division, which was commanded by Gallic General Marie Emile B thouart. The force besides included units of the Gallic 27th Chasseurs Alpins and the Polish 1st C arpathian Demi-Brigade, a mountain corps made up of refugees from conquered Poland. There were besides many Norse units in the country still able to contend. The program was to sail up the series of fiords that led to the port of Narvik under the protection of the Royal Navy, which still controlled the Norse Sea. The 13th Demi-Brigade was to strike straight at Narvik, with its wings guarded by the Gallic and Polish mountain military personnels and the Norwegians. Opposing the Legionnaires was the German fort under General Edouard Dietl, reinforced by the 137th Gebirgsjager regiment, a seasoned mountain unit hurriedly drilled as paratroopers and dropped into the snow-clad hills. These tough, well-trained mountain military personnels were as proud of their edelweiss insignia as the Legion was of its seven-flamed grenade. They would be difficult to check. Before the 13th Demi-Brigade could assail Narvik itself, the nearby small town of Bjerkvik had to be taken, for the high land behind it dominated the strategic port. On May 13, the 13th Demi-Brigade was landed on the Bjerkvik beaches. At midnight, the large guns of the British battlewagon Resolution, the patrol cars Effingham and Vindictive and five destroyers opened up on the German guardians. Shortly thenceforth, the progress military personnels hit the beaches in foot and armored combat vehicle landing trade. It was the first clip in the war that such combined operations took topographic point in the face of enemy fire. The German reaction was terrible. At first visible radiation, the Luftwaffe came out, bombing and strafing the ships and beaches. The Legion pushed on in the face of heavy weapon and small-arms fire. Colonel Magrin-Verneret waded ashore, promoting his Legionnaires frontward. For a piece it was touch and travel. Captain Dmitri Amilakvari, a 16-year Legion veteran who was to take a key hill, was held up by ferocious German fire. Then, shouting # 8220 ; A moi La Legion! # 8221 ; ( the Legion # 8217 ; s traditional version of # 8220 ; follow me # 8221 ; ) to his work forces, he charged up the incline. The Germans fell back before the savageness of the onslaught, and the hill was taken. Amilakvari pushed on to Elvenes where he met up with the Chasseurs Alpins on his wing. Bjerkvik, now a smoke ruin, and the surrounding mountains fell to the Gallic. Then the Legion turned its attending to Narvik itself. In a repetition of the Bjerkvik onslaught, the port was bombarded from the sea while Allied military personnels poured over the surrounding mountains. Once once more the Luftwaffe appeared and bombed the assailing war vessels, but Royal Air Force Hawker Hurricane combatants arrived on the scene in the dent of clip and cleared the sky of German aircraft. On May 28, the 13th Demi-Brigade marched into Narvik and found the town deserted. The Germans had fled. For the following few yearss, the Legionnaires pursued the retreating enemy through the snow-clad mountains toward the Swedish boundary line in sub-zero temperatures. Their purpose was to capture Dietl and what was left of his military personnels or coerce them over the boundary line into Swedish internment. They were merely 10 stat mis from Sweden when they were ordered to return to France. A few hebdomads before the Germans had begun their invasion of the Low Countries, and the # 8220 ; phony war # 8221 ; was over. All the military personnels and equipment in Norway were needed in the defence of France. The 13th Demi-Brigade embarked for Brest happy with its triumph, the first Allied success of the war, but disgusted that it had non been permitted to complete the occupation. Meanwhile, those hurriedly raised Foreign Legion regiments at the Maginot Line were acquiring a baptism of fire. Much has been written of the licking of the Gallic ground forces in 1940, but small is heard of the gallantry of many of its beleagured units. One of those epic units was the 11th Foreign Legion Infantry ( REI ) . The regiment was a cell of tough Legionnaires from North Africa and recent foreign voluntaries enlisted in Europe, reinforced by a battalion of unwilling Gallic conscripts. The Frenchmen disliked being thrown in with the ill-famed Foreign Legion, and the consequence was non pleasant. In preparation during the # 8220 ; phony war # 8221 ; period there was much inebriation, contending and courts-martial, but when the German panzers broke through in May, the discord among the 11th REI # 8217 ; s elements disappeared. While other Gallic regiments were caught up in the terror, turned tail and ran before the overpowering panic of the German armored combat vehicles and Junkers Ju-87 Stuka honkytonk bombers, the 11th REI stood house. During two hebdomads of difficult combat, they held off their aggressors while other Gallic units retreated around them. Finally, about wholly surrounded, they were forced to fall back. Colonel Jean-Baptiste Robert burned the regimental criterion and buried its tassel, which was later delve up and returned to the Legion. There were merely 450 work forces of the original 3,000 left to return to North Africa with the 11th REI after the cease-fire. The 97th Foreign Legion Divisional Reconnaissance Group ( GERD 97 ) besides attained glorification during the 1940 fiasco. It was likely the lone all-veteran North African outfit of the Legion regiments in France. GERD 97 had been organized from the 1st Foreign Legion Cavalry Regiment, the Legion Equus caballus horse outfit that had been raised in Africa in the 1920s from the leftovers of White Russian General Baron Pyotr Wrangel # 8217 ; s horse, which had been all but destroyed in the civil war against the Bolsheviks. Mechanized and outfitted with disused armoured autos, GERD 97 carried out reconnaissance missions, but its scouting yearss came to an terminal when it ran into the powerful German Mark III armored combat vehicles. In typical Legion manner, GERD 97 threw itself against those monsters without vacillation, contending rear-guard actions to cover the withdrawing Gallic. GERD 97 managed to last until June 9, when a concluding, self-destructive charge against the panzers le ft all the Legion vehicles firing. There were no known subsisters. The 13th Demi-Brigade returned to France from Norway, sailing into the seaport at Brest on June 13, about at the same clip the Germans were processing into Paris. Colonel Magrin-Verneret was ordered to organize a line as portion of the proposed last-ditch # 8220 ; Breton Redoubt, # 8221 ; but it was no usage. The Germans had broken through. While on a forward reconnaissance mission to find what could be done to detain the enemy, Magrin-Verneret and some of his officers became separated from the chief organic structure of the 13th Demi-Brigade, and when they returned to Brest they could non happen any hint of the unit. The reconnaissance party assumed that the chief organic structure had been over-run, and the colonel determined that he and his # 8230 ; The remainder of the paper is available free of charge to our registered users. The enrollment procedure merely couldn # 8217 ; t be easier. Log in or registry now. It is all free! 310

The Governments Control of Freedom essays

The Governments Control of Freedom essays People are always fighting against the government's control of freedom. What are they fighting for? Are they fighting for absolute freedom? What is absolute freedom? How much freedom do we have to sacrifice to keep our freedom protected? Is the freedom we One of the major reasons freedom is so desirable is because many of the limitations by the government on freedom are disallowing humans the right to have control over their bodies. Control of the human body is the only thing that people have power over. When the government can take away your choice to smoke, tell you when to wear a seatbelt, set laws to limit your right to do what you want to your body, or decide what constitutes a religion we should all be concerned! To preserve the Bill of Rights for ourselves, we must defend them for everybody. A large number of the prohibited freedoms are crimes where the criminal makes himself the victim. For example, the use of drugs, prostitution, suicide, vagrancy, possession of illegal substance, dodging the draft, entering the country illegally, and disregard for the age limits set on the purchase of pornographic materials. All of these crimes are punishable under the law. These crimes are set apart from most others because the person willingly chooses to victimize themselves. What people choose to do to themselves, in my opinion is the least of our worries as a country or a society. The last thing the government should have control over is what you choose to do to yourself. As long as you are not directly harming anyone else in the process, the government should not waste their time and money on something that is so trivial in comparison to crimes involving a victim. In general, people do not agree with the government controlling what they can and cannot do to ...

The History of Small Business in the United States

The History of Small Business in the United States Americans have always believed that they live in a land of opportunity, where anybody who has a good idea, determination, and a willingness to work hard can start a business and prosper. Its the manifestation of the belief in a persons ability to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and the accessibility of the American Dream. In practice, this belief in entrepreneurship has taken many forms over the course of history in the United States, from the self-employed individual to the global conglomerate. Small Business in 17th and 18th-Century America Small businesses have been an integral part of American life and the US economy since the time of the first colonial settlers.  In the 17th and 18th centuries, the public extolled the pioneer who overcame great hardships to carve a home and a way of life out of the American wilderness. During this period in American history, a majority of colonists were small farmers, making their lives on small family farms in rural areas.  Families tended to produce many of their own goods from food to soap to clothing.  Of the free, white men in the American colonies (who made up about one-third of the population), over 50% of them owned some land, though it was generally not much. The remaining colonist population  was made up of slaves and indentured servants.   Small Business in 19th-Century America Then, in 19th-century America, as small agricultural enterprises rapidly spread across the vast expanse of the American frontier, the homesteading farmer embodied many of the ideals of the economic individualist.  But as the nations population grew and cities assumed increased economic importance, the dream of being in business for oneself in America evolved to include small merchants, independent craftsmen, and self-reliant professionals. Small Business in 20th Century America   The 20th century, continuing a trend that began in the latter part of the 19th century, brought an enormous leap in the scale and complexity of economic activity. In many industries, small enterprises had trouble raising sufficient funds and operating on a scale large enough to produce most efficiently all of the goods demanded by an increasingly sophisticated and affluent population. In this environment, the modern corporation, often employing hundreds or even thousands of workers, assumed increased importance. Small Business in America Today Today, the American economy boasts a wide array of enterprises, ranging from one-person sole proprietorships to some of the worlds largest corporations. In 1995, there were 16.4 million non-farm, sole proprietorships, 1.6 million partnerships, and 4.5 million corporations in the United States - a total of 22.5 million independent enterprises.

Computer Incident Response Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer Incident Response Teams - Essay Example Not only these companies would suffer from information damage, but also their clientele and reputation will nosedive in the industry. Computer Incident Response Teams (short-form 'CIRT') are special teams formed for the purpose of minimizing and controlling the impact of a security breach or other computer related emergency in the company (Brussin, Cobb, & Miora, 2003). CIRT is a also known as CERT (Computer Emergency Response Teams) and CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Teams) in some companies, however, they all attempt to provide security to the computer systems. It depends on the company policy as well as the riskiness of information leakage or damage. In companies who don't heavily rely on computer systems, a CIRT would not be of much use. However, now with most organizations keeping important information on computer systems, the need for having a CIRT is increasingly getting popular. With the increasing number of viruses, spywares, backdoors in the systems being detected, a CIRT is a necessity for an organization keeping competitive information on the computers. Like in all business strategies before implementing them a plan needs to be created that would guide the formation of a CIRT. This plan includes all the details about the CIRT and all the information that the security team would need to know. Furthermore, this plan should be feasible in all ways and must provide a competitive business advantage. The details of the plan are given below. (RHE, 2004) 4.1 Make a Policy First of all, a policy regarding the CIRT should be created. This would have standards, rules ad regulations and instructions as to what is to be done when the security is breached. This policy document should be given to all members of the company and must be followed exactly as mentioned in the policy. (Lucas & Moeller, 2003) 4.2 Form the Team Forming the Computer Incident Response Team is the most important part in this plan. Usually the team is formed on a voluntary basis. However there are certain characteristics that need to be there in a CIRT. First of all the members of the team must be extremely responsible. Since action is required to contain the emergency, the team members should also be quick to react. Another quality that the team should have is that its members must be loyal to the company and should be heroes in their own sense as their job is to save the company from a disaster. Only trustworthy people should be made a part of this team. (RHE, 2004) After these characteristics, the team should have technical expertise to understand and resolve the situation. The team usually comprises of system and network administrators as well as information security experts. The system administrators oversee the correct response to the threat and supply the required knowledge about system resources. The network administrators are responsible for routing the network traffic though other points while closing all activity in those routes where the security has been breached. Information security officers diagnose and analyze the problem and detect the point of intrusion to try to solve it. (RHE, 2004) The team should be kept in close coordination with each of its members at all times so that in case of an emergency all members would get notified immediately. It is ideal to keep

Blog - how pop culture can change language Essay

Blog - how pop culture can change language - Essay Example (Safire-blog p.355, Â ¶ 3) Blogging has added another space to the means of communication. In fact other Medias now perceive this new trend as a challenge against their business interests. In an article written in Wall street journal, Peggy Noonan explains blogging as a 24/7 opinion site which offers absolute freedom in expressing personal views, anytime anywhere in the world about anything. (Safire-blog p. 355, Â ¶ 1) Most of the other Medias of communication are not giving such freedom in expressing the personal views. Most of the medias will go through the articles and will do little bit censoring if required, before they approve it for publishing. Thus the article writer may not get absolute freedom in expressing their opinions about a topic in other forms of media compared to blogging. Moreover the blogger gets the freedom of publishing the article instantaneously once it is completed where as in other Medias, publishing of an article will take some time depends on how frequently the media engaged in pu blishing activities. For example, news papers normally will publish once in 24 hours whereas weeklies and monthlies will take much longer time for publication. The greatest concern about blogging has come from the traditional Medias. Because of the immense freedom associated with blogging in expressing and publishing personal opinions, the traditional media looks suspiciously at the growth of blogging. But most probably these concerns are meaningless since most of the people are well aware of the lack of authenticity of matters appear on blog sites. The reliability and validity of information appearing on blogs may not be as good as that appearing on traditional Medias. Personal opinions may not be correct always since it lacks supported evidences. (Safire-blog p.355, Â ¶ 4) In conclusion, blogging is one of the

Analysis of Hydrated copper sulphate Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Hydrated copper sulphate Essay Aim – To determine the molecular formula of hydrated copper sulfate. Requirements – Hydrous copper sulfate Electronic balance Evaporating dish Glass rod Tripod stand Bunsen burner Crucible Procedure – First I weighed 3g of hydrous copper sulfate on electronic balance and began heating it in an evaporating dish on top of a Bunsen burner. After the reaction was complete I measured the new weight to find a change in mass. Qualitative data – After the reaction was complete, the colour changed from blue to white due to a loss of water crystals. Faint green tinge became evident and fine white powder was formed from crystals. Continued heating led to formation of oliver green colour. Quantitative data – Original weight of hydrous copper sulfate – 3g Error in electronic balance  ± 0.001g (provided by the teacher) Data collection – Trial 1 1.96g Trial 2 1.87g Trial 3 1.94g Data Processing – To minimize the errors I conducted three trials and averaged the readings to find a more accurate answer. = 1.93 g  ± 0.001 Change in mass = (3  ± 0.001) – (1.93  ± 0.001) = 1.07  ± 0.002 The change in mass was due to the loss of water crystals. Water (H20) has a molar mass of 18g. Therefore the change in mass must be equal to the mass of water present in copper sulfate. No of moles of water evaporated = = 0.059  ± 0.002moles The molar mass of anhydrous copper sulfate is 159.6g. No of moles of = = 0.012  ± 0.001moles In the equation I took the no of moles of water as x because it is unknown. CuSO4.xH20 → CuSO4 + xH2O According to the equation the mole ratio between copper sulfate and water is 1: x. Therefore 1:x = 0.012  ± 0.001: 0.059  ± 0.002 x = = 4.9  ± 0.588 Conclusion – Hence the x value can be rounded off to 5 to get an integer answer. This means that in 1 molecule of hydrous copper sulfate there are 5 atoms of water present as crystals. The result is also equal to the literature value which was provided by the teacher and there seems to be no deviation because the answers are taken as integer and decimal points are excluded. The only systematic error present was in electronic balance. Moreover random error could have been caused during heating of the salt i.e. overheating or underheating. This error depends on the sight of colour change, therefore this is a very hard random error to eliminate. Evaluation – As the answer is taken as integer, there seems to be zero error however still a lot of errors are possible while conducting this experiment. During the heating of hydrous copper sulfate there maybe some water crystals still left due to inappropriate stirring and overheated or underheated salts could have also caused error. Main error which is inevitable is the hydration of crystals after being heated. The reaction is reversible and the after heating there could have been water vapour in the air which could have combined with the salt. Hence these can also lead to deviations in results. To improve upon these errors we must make sure that after the salt is heated, its weight must be measured immediately so that there is very less time gap between it. Furthermore proper stirring and care taken during heating can also minimize errors.

Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus - An Insatiable Desire for Knowledge,

Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus - Corrupted by an Insatiable Desire for Knowledge, Wealth And Power The Renaissance period is characterized by a grand desire for acquisition of knowledge and a passion for emerging individuality.   "Scholars and educators   . . . began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievements of human culture, in contrast to the medieval emphasis on God and contempt for the things in this world" (Slights 129).   However, the whirlwind of change brought on by the budding ideas of Humanist thinkers was met with a cautious warning by one the greatest writers of the era.   Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus acts as mask, containing and disguising the dramatist's criticisms of Renaissance thinking.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus is, in many ways, reflective of humankind's struggle to balance new ideas with existing traditional thoughts as the world neared the 17th century.   At the time this play was written, "Elizabethans saw the world as a vast, unified, hierarchical order, or 'Great Chain of Being,' created by God" (139).   At the very depths of this hierarchy lay the innate objects and at the top sat God and the angels, with the plant and animal kingdoms falling somewhere in the middle.   Humans were believed to sit just above the animals, as they possessed souls and free will.   It is said that humans could develop and reside "a little lower than the angels" or degenerate and fall to the level of the animals (139).   Faustus is striving to rise towards the angels in his quest for human advancement, but ironically, he ends up plummeting to the depths of Hell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The drama Dr. Faustus illustrates Marlowe's two main concerns for the human mind at the turn of the 17th ... ...twines the vast differences with prolific language and a shocking storyline.   The play's tragic conclusion marks Marlowe's detachment from the morale plays of his generation.   Its tragic conclusion leaves the Renaissance audience with a sense of despair, but also with a resolve to avoid the wicked desires embodied by Faustus. Works Cited Barnett, Sylvan, ed. Doctor Faustus / Christopher Marowe: edited and with an introd. by Sylvan Barnett. New York: New American Library, 1969. Etienne, Gilson. Reasons and Revelations in the Middle Ages. New York: New York, 1938. Marlowe, Christopher.   "Doctor Faustus."   The Genius of the Early English Theatre.   Sylvan Barnet, Morton Berman & William Burto, eds.   New York:   Meridian, 1990. 95-161. Slights, William. New Ways of Looking at the Renaissance. Binghamton, New York: Renaissance English Text Society, 1993.

Response proposing leadership styles Essay

1. (TCO 3) Prepare a five to seven paragraph response proposing leadership styles you would recommend for the Denver Airport Project. Please choose a combination (two or three) of the eight leadership styles presented in the Thompson textbook (Chapter 11: Leadership: Managing the Paradox). Please note that you are to also use three other sources from the internet or the DeVry online library. All sources must be cited. (Points : 30) Based on the reading it is hard to give a single leadership style or even a combination of leadership styles because there are so many different levels of productions and management for this project. Each level of management will have their own required type of leadership and while some styles may overlap, there will be differences for each level. For a project this large you are more than likely to run in to just about every type of leadership style at some point. When we start at the top you see that there is a Collaborative Leadership between the City, Greiner Engineering, and Morrison-Knudsen Engineering. Collaborative leaderships work well but even with a collaborative leadership there needs to be an organizer that directs the flow of discussions and determines outcomes in the event of a stalemate. This is not discussed in the passage and it is not determined who has the final say. Typically this would be the city since they are the owners but in many cases it also depends on the how contracts are written. While in the long run the city can make the final decision depending on the way the contract is written the city may have to pay to make those decisions. Without more information on the contract with the city and the engineering firms we cannot confirm if it is a true collaborative leadership. But there are other aspects that are brought up that bring up more concerns with the management systems used. While it appears to would be a collaborative leadership it does not seem as if everyone is on board with the same ideas. By separating the design and the functionality we run into issues that were not properly discussed ahead of time. In this case a democratic leader would be helpful to facilitate discussions among the different groups. Furthermore when there is an issue over function verse design the democratic leader can help to facilitate a compromise that works  for everyone. It does not appear as if there is any leadership helping to give direction. As you read through the passage it appears that instead of a collaborative leadership we have a delegating leadership in which the city tells everyone what they are looking for and then leaves it up to them to take care of it from there. Based on the passage it almost seems at times that the city has a laissez-faire style w hich on allows for more problems to arise. These changes and issues only slow the design and in turn would slow construction. This is evident with how the baggage system was handled. First due to the lack of leadership in the planning phase the baggage system was started way too late in the project life cycle. This falls back on the fact there was not enough active leadership in the planning phase. This also falls on the fact the risk management did not seem to pick up on this either. While it falls on the leaders risk management on this project was broken down only slightly and in turn left a wide variety of situations and issues undiscussed. This goes back to active leadership in which there does not appear to be anyone going back an asking question and looking to the future to see what issues may come up. Too many people appeared too tied up with the here and now and nobody had the foresight to look ahead to see what issues were coming. I did find it interesting that risk analysis was only broken down into cost, human resources, and bad weather. While I would agree that these three areas are important and needed to be address, I am surprised the equipment and materials were not on the list. While the three listed are concerns for most projects, I cannot remember the last time I was on a project where equipment and material deliveries were not areas of concern to be addressed. I was even more surprised to see in the November 1994 passage that they went a while without a risk manager especially given all the issues they had already run into. Again I would say that there is a lack of leadership and the city needed to take a more active role but at the same time that leadership needs to be a cooperation with all the major players so that everyone can get on the same page and help each other to identify issues like the baggage before it became an issue. On a side note I would say that I do believe that they did well with their choice in regards their choice of leaders for the movement of equipment between airports as described in the Sept. 1993 section. Using a person with military leadership for this type of move is a wise choice in my opinion. Given the complexity and time restraints of this type of move there is not a lot of room for error. The military is good about training leader that are willing to take recommendations when there is time for it and will to make decisions when there is no time. In this case with the complexity it would have taken a team to come up with the plan but when the plan is over and the move starts you need people that can think quickly and adjust to unknown issues as they come up. There is often no time for discussions because in this case ever second wasted only causes more delays. But as I said in the beginning there are several different types of leadership styles that take place on a project like this. While I have discussed the upper areas a management there are several areas were team building, mentoring, and other leadership requirements are needed more. People often look at the top for how a project is managed but in this case how the contractor and leaders near the bottom manager there people is sometime more important. So while a cooperative group of leaders that were more active would have been ok for the top it would not have worked for many of the lower levels. Reference Thompson, Leigh L.. Making the Team: A Guide for Managers, 4th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions. . Kerzner, Harold. (  © 2004). Advanced project management: best practices on implementation, second edition. [Books24x7 version] Available from http://common.books24x7.com.proxy.devry.edu/toc.aspx?bookid=17176. Nutt, Paul C.. (  © 2002). Why decisions fail: avoiding the blunders and traps that lead to debacles. [Books24x7 version] Available from http://common.books24x7.com.proxy.devry.edu/toc.aspx?bookid=42601. Forster, Nick. (  © 2005). Maximum performance: a practical guide to leading and managing people at work. [Books24x7 version] Available from http://common.books24x7.com.proxy.devry.edu/toc.aspx?bookid=22402. Denver International Airport Baggage H andling System – An illustration of ineffectual decision making . (2008). Calleam Consulting Ltd. from http://calleam.com/WTPF/wp-content/uploads/articles/DIABaggage.pdf

Meaning of life †United Kingdom Essay

1. How does Pontiac understand the meaning of freedom? In his notion freedom meant getting rid of the English who had conquered the French and had gained more control over the Indians lands than ever. He believed they had to fight the English and pushed them out of their ancestors lands. As he said â€Å"Although you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us! We are not your slaves. These lake, these woods and mountains, were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance; and we will part with them to none. 2. What elements of Indian life does Neolin criticize most strongly? He criticized Pontiac for using European technology, doing fur trade with the Whites, using their cloths and consuming alcohol instead of fighting against the English which he called them â€Å"the dogs who dressed red† and surrendering himself to them. He argued that he (Pontiac) should clothe himself in skins and use the bows and arrows and his tradition to fight back against their enemies. 3. How does this document relate to and inform the related part of the Chapter in the main text? This document discusses on how Pontiac started his journey to meet with Delaware religious prophet Neolin and on how Neolin guided Pontiac on how he should fight back in opposed to the English by getting back to his tradition that he inherited from his ancestors. 4. What impact did the primary source had on your understanding and beliefs? It was very interesting to see how much Indians cared about spiritual beliefs and how strong their viewpoint were when it comes to their traditional faith. Even though, the English had believed they were faithless and savages, but the truth was they were full of spiritual thoughts.

World War I - Battle of Caporetto on the Italian Front

World War I - Battle of Caporetto on the Italian Front Battle of Caporetto - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Caporetto was fought October 24-November 19, 1917, during World War I (1914-1918). Armies Commanders Italians General Luigi CadornaGeneral Luigi Capello15 divisions, 2213 guns Central Powers General Otto von BelowGeneral Svetozar Boroevic25 divisions, 2,200 guns Battle of Caporetto - Background: With the conclusion of the Eleventh Battle of Isonzo in September 1917, Austro-Hungarian forces were nearing the point of collapse in the area around Gorizia. Faced with this crisis, Emperor Charles I sought aid from his German allies. Though the Germans felt that the war would be won on the Western Front, they agreed to provide troops and support for a limited offensive designed to throw the Italians back across the Isonzo River and, if possible, past the Tagliamento River. For this purpose, the composite Austro-German Fourteenth Army was formed under the command of General Otto von Below. Battle of Caporetto - Preparations: In September, the Italian commander-in-chief, General Luigi Cadorna, became aware that an enemy offensive was in the offing. As a result, he ordered the commanders of the Second and Third Armies, Generals Luigi Capello and Emmanuel Philibert, to begin preparing defenses in depth to meet any attack. Having issued these orders, Cadorna failed to see that they were obeyed and instead began an inspection tour of other fronts which lasted until October 19. On the Second Army front, Capello did little as he preferred to plan for an offensive in the Tolmino area. Further weakening Cadornas situation was an insistence on keeping the bulk of the two armies troops on the east bank of the Isonzo despite the fact that the enemy still held crossings to the north. As a result, these troops were in prime position to be cut off by an Austro-German attack down the Isonzo Valley. In addition, the Italian reserves on the west bank were placed too far to the rear to rapidly aid the front lines. For the upcoming offensive, Below intended to launch the main assault with the Fourteenth Army from a salient near Tolmino. This was to be supported by secondary attacks to the north and south, as well as by an offensive near the coast by General Svetozar Boroevics Second Army. The assault was to be preceded by a heavy artillery bombardment as well as the use of poison gas and smoke. Also, Below intended to employ a substantial number of storm troopers which were to use infiltration tactics to pierce the Italian lines. With planning complete, Below began shifting his troops into place. This done, the offensive commenced with the opening bombardment which began before dawn on October 24. Battle of Caporetto - The Italians Routed: Caught by complete surprise, Capellos men suffered badly from the shelling and gas attacks. Advancing between Tolmino and Plezzo, Belows troops were able to quickly shatter the Italian lines and began driving west. Bypassing Italian strong points, the Fourteenth Army advanced over 15 miles by nightfall. Surrounded and isolated, the Italian posts in its rear were reduced in the coming days. Elsewhere, the Italian lines held and were able to turn back Belows secondary attacks, while the Third Army held Boroevic in check (Map). Despite these minor successes, Belows advance threatened the flanks of the Italian troops to the north and south. Alerted to the enemy breakthrough, Italian morale elsewhere on the front began to plummet. Though Capello recommended a withdrawal to the Tagliamento on the 24th, Cadorna refused and worked to rescue the situation. It was not until a few days later, with Italian troops in full retreat that Cadorna was forced to accept that a movement to the Tagliamento was inevitable. At this point, vital time had been lost and Austro-Germans forces were in close pursuit. On October 30, Cadorna ordered his men to cross the river and establish a new defensive line. This effort took four days and was quickly thwarted when German troops established a bridgehead over the river on November 2. By this point, the stunning success of Belows offensive began to hinder operations as the Austro-German supply lines were unable to keep up with the speed of the advance. With the enemy slowing, Cadorna ordered a further retreat to the Piave River on November 4. Though large numbers of Italian troops had been captured in the fighting, the bulk of his troops from the Isonzo region were able to form a strong line behind the river by November 10. A deep, wide river, the Piave finally brought the Austro-German advance to an end. Lacking the supplies or equipment for an attack across the river, they elected to dig in. Battle of Caporetto - Aftermath: The fighting at the Battle of Caporetto cost the Italians around 10,000 killed, 20,000 wounded, and 275,000 captured. Austro-German casualties numbered around 20,000. One of the few clear victories of World War I, Caporetto saw the Austro-German forces advance around 80 miles and reach a position from which they could strike at Venice. In the wake of the defeat, Cadorna was removed as chief of staff and replaced with General Armando Diaz. With their allys forces badly wounded, the British and French sent five and six divisions respectively to bolster the Piave River line. Austro-German attempts to cross the Piave that fall were turned back as were attacks against Monte Grappa. Though a massive defeat, Caporetto rallied the Italian nation behind the war effort. Within a few months the losses of material had been replaced and the army quickly recovered its strength through the winter of 1917/1918. Selected Sources First World War: Battle of CaporettoHistory of War: Battle of Caporetto

How Conservatives Would Reform Education

How Conservatives Would Reform Education The biggest obstacle to education reform is the existence of teachers unions. Unions act to protect the interests of teachers at any cost, even at the expense of students. Unions often work to minimize teacher accountability, protect low-quality teachers, and support the unsustainable expansion of retirement and health benefits. Labor unions once played a crucial role in ensuring fairness in the workplace. Unions were initially formed to protect workers against brutal employers who abused laborers, refused adequate breaks and time off, and did not ensure safe working conditions. Labor unions were never really intended for government workers or employees. For the most part, private labor union membership continues to fall as right-to-work reforms grow in strength in many states. When it comes to public sector unions, and specifically teachers unions, conservatives favor putting students needs first once again and ending the union-dominated culture that has prevented educational reforms in public education. As American students continue to lag in key areas and drop-out rates in major cities remain at unacceptable levels, it’s clear that the policies of the past have failed. Teachers have long enjoyed being portrayed as overworked and underpaid public servants who only go into the teaching field â€Å"for the children.† While that may have once been very true, union dominance has changed the this and, perhaps, the chief motivation for entering the profession. Unions have little to do with helping children. When teacher’s strike, it usually hurts the children they claim to have entered the profession for. Teachers arent in education for the money, they will tell us. In reality, unionized teachers typically strike for pay, preventing accountability, and enhancing already generous (and publicly paid) benefits. Support Merit Pay and Promote Standards Conservatives support ending the union-dominated contracts that oppose merit pay and advancement and places longevity of teaching over the quality of teaching. Conservatives support a merit-based system for public school teachers, and holding teachers accountable has been one of the most difficult things to do. Unions oppose most measures to determine whether teachers are effective and work to make it impossible to get rid of those who are not. Education is one of the few fields where a lack of results has no consequences, and length of teaching is of greater importance than the quality of teaching. In general, conservatives would support a bottom-up approach, and these standards would be local and statewide based. Applying the concepts of  federalism should apply to education, just as it should for most government-related agencies. Local school districts should have the greatest power to determine effective and acceptable standards without interference from the heavy hand of either a large bureaucratic federal government or unions. Common Core is designed to be a national standards program but is disguised as a voluntary program. Support School Choice Not surprisingly, the biggest obstacle in enacting favorable school-choice legislation has been the opposition of well-funded labor unions. Polls have consistently shown that parents and communities overwhelmingly support school choice. Parents should have the ability to select the school that is the best fit for their child. Unfortunately, protecting the jobs and salaries of government teachers - no matter how ineffective they may be - is the main goal of unions. Unions rightly fear that an open and competitive atmosphere would deplete the ranks of people who would voluntarily send their children to public schools, thus reducing the need for public teachers, and the need for unions themselves. Recent History: The 2012 Chicago Teachers Union Strike In 2012, the Chicago Teachers Union went on strike over pay and accountability. As they forced the cancellation of classes for hundreds of thousands of students – leaving families in a bind – they took to the streets carrying signs about how the strike was for the sake of the kids. While this was untrue, continuing the myth of the abused, underpaid public school teacher is of utmost importance. Hiding behind children is an unique advantage teachers have over other â€Å"public servants† like DMV processors or meter maids. (Imagine the amount of sympathy the drivers license clerk would get over a strike about increasing pay and benefits).​ With an average salary of $76,000, the typical Chicago teacher makes more money than roughly 3/4 of the country. Citing such teacher benefits as weekends off, nights off, long summers, and extended holidays are usually met with cries of â€Å"burnout.† Most jobs have a pretty big degree of burnout and teachers aren’t the only ones who get tired of their jobs and leave for something else. But teachers are special. They work with children. This supposedly makes teachers free from criticism. The major problem with the unions is that it becomes hard to find out who teaches for the children and who is there for the high-end government benefits. Unions have ensured teachers are among the most well-compensated, vacationed, and job-protected workforces in the country, all without true concern for what best helps students.

Youth Offending Essay Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Youth Offending Essay - Literature review Example Social exclusion refers to the lack of acceptance, belonging and recognition of an individual or a community by others despite the fact that they may be neighbours in a city or a country (Friedman, 1993). Studies have shown that Black and Ethnic Minority (BEM) youths are the most affected by social exclusion in Wales and England. Interestingly, socially exclude youth are often found to be socially and economically vulnerable and have higher risks of living diminished lives in the eyes of the advantaged as well as in their own eyes (Applebaum et al., 2010). The social and economic changes in the free-market economies have been cited as the main causes of social exclusion of minority youths, more so in the Western countries. In addition, weaknesses and inequalities in government service provision have made socially excluded people rather vulnerable in many ways (Coker, 2003). For instance, in England and Wales, the socioeconomically deprived and socially exclude ethnic minority youths have been found to be at higher risks of being crime victims or offenders given their propensity towards committing crimes (CRC, 2008a). This paper thus explores the reasons youths from ethnic minority groups are over-represented in the criminal justice system of Wales and England and the possible approaches with which this trend may be addressed. The Criminal Justice System and Black Minority Youths Perhaps one of the most regrettable and enduring characteristic of the criminal justice systems is racial profiling and stereotyping of youths from minority ethnic groups (CRC, 2008b). Fortunately, there has been a considerable increase in the galvanisation of the link between minority ethnic groups and crime (University of Georgia, 2006). In worse cases, there have been so much racial stereotyping and crime profiling that black youths are referred to as ‘criminal predators’ (Silver, 1994). According to the Youth Justice Board (YJB), which reported that 1,822 young offender s were in custody in the 2010/2011 period, it is this profiling of minority youths that has subtly justified the over-representation of youths from minority ethnic groups and races in the criminal justice systems (BBC, 2011). Out of this population, minority ethnic youths constituted 39%, a 6% increase over the 2009/2010 period. However, the general figures of youth offenders dropped from 1977 of the 2009/2010 period (BBC, 2011). The Guardian also reported similar trends in both Wales and England, reporting that young black men accounted for nearly 40% of the population of youth jails in the two countries. Comparing the 2006 and the 2009/2010 period, the joint report with the Youth Justice Board (YJB) indicated an increase from 23% to 39% by young black youth composition (The Guardian, 2011). This over-representation is not only evident at the trial stages/courts but also in the correctional facilities such as prisons. Although, an unofficial policy, the tendency to racially and eth nically profile minority youths is so rampant that criminal justice practitioners openly practice it. Certain elements have been identified to be core to the culture of racial profiling and the emergence and practice of minority youth typification in the criminal justice system (Walker, 1977). While the number of minority youths incarcerated in the UK and Wales in the last three decades increased, the number of incarcerated white/majority has considerably gone down. Since historical times, youths from minority groups have consistently been over-represented at all the stages in the criminal justice system in the UK and Wales, the senior and the juvenile justice systems (Walker, 1992). In fact, this