Student Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Understudy Analysis - Essay Example I don't accuse her nativity however, neither her obliviousness. Notwithstanding, reacting to a point one has no sufficient information on is anything but a basic undertaking. She progresses admirably however in clarifying why she feels that her inability to comprehend the deer issue is Kristof’s shortcoming. In spite of the way that she safeguards her obliviousness on the deer issue by calling attention to that numerous individuals are as confounded as she seems to be, she doesn't give enough proof supporting this contention. In any case, she concurs that Kristof has a point that there is an issue with the deer. Swinton effectively however persuades the peruser that the disappointment of Kristof to give strong proof on the deer issue is the primary purpose behind her obliviousness. This is reasonable, particularly due to her declaration that in the short article, Kristof didn't satisfactorily raise enough contentions to help his proposal. She concurs that he is persuading enough on the way that the deer issue needs an answer. Be that as it may, she stands firm that there must be elective answers for the issue, as opposed to simply chasing

Research Analysis of the Sydney Opera House

The Field To characterize the significant plan and designer standards, explicit consideration ought to be made to the Wolansky Foundation characterizing the site, consumptions, changes, and the architect’s ideas (n. p.).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Analysis of the Sydney Opera House explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regarding the way that the plan and development of the Opera House are introduced as the world’s known artful culmination, it is important to consider chronicled, social, and structure points of view to characterize why the Opera House has procured the good status in the realm of design. Hypothesis Neil Brown hypothesis permits to characterize the structures and approaches through which the craftsmanship article can be considered (n. p.) Hence, there is an immediate relationship between's the utilitarian fittings and building spaces introduced by Utzon in his undertaking of Sydney Opera House. Tombesi and Martel state, â€Å"†¦the presentation of mechanical machines into the household environment†¦moved close by not just with the need to sanctuary such gear yet in addition with the test to coordinate it into the spatial structure of the building† (43). In light of this point of view, present day development has an immediate connection to the business and engineering where large scale manufacturing, stylish representations, and social symbols have been firmly interwoven. Building, gear, and configuration ought to follow the general idea and become an integrative power (Tombesi and Martel 51). The formal and specialized advancement of the Opera House suggests the utilization of the development venture in a stylish setting though the subsequent measurement mirrors a chance to test specialized examination to build up the connection among usefulness and structure. Article Sydney Opera House is viewed as one of the most perceived engineering developments that is incorp orated into the rundown of World Heritage structures. Its imaginative plan includes innumerable methods and ides. The development standards mirror the vision of furnishing the House with multifunctionality and compositional respectability simultaneously (Building Program n. p.). Creator The Psychological The fashioner consolidated various thoughts into a solidarity of shapes, hues, and lines. Consequently, rooftop outlines covering inside volumes, circular geometry and components of nature have been handily join to render the idea of present day plan (The Wolansky Foundation n. p.).Advertising Looking for exposition on engineering? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Socio-social Utzon figured out how to incorporate useful fitting of the development, just as its social worth. The development was roused by various models from traditional and present day design. Presentation of Greek intentions introduced through auditorium seat ing and presenting Circular Quays are among the primary social and social impacts (The Wolansky Foundation n. p.). The Economic The development was made by an exceptional designer Jorn Utzon (Building Program n. p). In 1956, when the Australian Government declared a universal plan rivalry, the primary design was to develop two execution lobbies for orchestra shows and for drama (Overview: The Building n. p.). Looking for a candidature from a heap of entries, Jorn Utzon made extraordinary enthusiasm among the legislative authority in view of his extreme standards to development (Overview: The Building n. p.). The principle financial viewpoint sought after by Utzon was to fit the presentation into the harbor scene. The Methodology Use of glass in mix with solid bunks was the principle instrument utilized in the development. The shell structures have been developed bit by bit and, with the assistance of the materials, the architects have figured out how to pass on a geometric idea. The Artifact The impact presented from light, shading, shape and material makes an advanced blend where one segment improves the impact and capacity of another (Overview: The Building n. p.). The plan intently connects with usefulness and the other way around. Works Cited â€Å"Building Program† Sydney Opera House. 2011. Web. â€Å"Overview: The Building† Sydney Opera House. 2011. Web.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Research Analysis of the Sydney Opera House explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Neil Brown Theory†. Approaches to Study the Art. PDF File. 13-24. The Wolansky Foundation. Sydney Opera House. 2000. Web. Tombesi, Paolo, and Andrew Martel. â€Å"Vessels of Expression and Flows of Innovation.† Journal Of Architectural Education 59.2 (2005): 43-52. Print. This paper on Research Analysis of the Sydney Opera House was composed and put together by client Mikayla Cline to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Idea of democracy change or remain static duringthe Jacksoni essays

Thought of majority rules system change or stay static duringthe Jacksoni papers A majority rules system is a legislature by the individuals practiced either legitimately or through chosen delegates, in which the everyday citizens are considered as the essential wellspring of political individuals. The possibility of majority rule government improved during the Jacksonian time frame in a few different ways, with the assistance of Andrew Jackson, patriotism, and industrialism. A few different ways that Andrew Jackson utilized his capacity to improve the vote based system were extending casting a ballot rights, pulverizing banks, and building up the corruption. Jackson was a warrior for the individuals; he needed the best for the basic man. The initial step he took was to ensure there was an expanded in casting a ballot by bringing down property necessities. The capability was presently open to the basic men; increasingly grown-up white guys were qualified to cast a ballot than any time in recent memory. This empower individuals to feel as if everybody had a simila r possibility and interest in their administration, Americans no longer idea of themselves as having betters (Dibacco 210). The second step he took was to destroy the banks since he accepted the bank was a promoter just to those in the higher class, and it was an instrument that causes a halt for the pay of those in the lower class. The devastation of the bank guaranteed the lower class that there is somebody that thinks about them, and that they do have a significant situation in their general public. Jackson needed everybody to be approach and have a similar chance; he needed the best for his nation. In his mission to embellish and better the nation, he built up the ruin framework. The ruin framework is a work on giving government occupations to political backs. Jackson accepted that it didn't required a lot of understanding or instruction to function as an administration authorities, ... the obligations of open office were easy to such an extent that any individual of insight cou ld accomplish the work (Dibacco 210). Jackson needed the interest of the basic man; he needed to show that he thought about the individuals and that he wasn't simply one more high-class man tha... <!

At Risk Students- Students at risk of school failure with an emphasis Research Paper

At Risk Students-Students in danger of school disappointment with an accentuation on understudies set in child care - Research Paper Example Such issues require the expulsion of a youngster from their home for the reasons for their passionate and physical wellbeing. At some random time, around 10,000 youngsters are under child care, 35% being taken care of by their family members. . How understudies in child care become in danger understudies There are numerous elements that add to understudies put in child care turning out to be in danger understudies. These incorporate the successive school moves which result to interruption of their instructive advancement. This is for the most part in light of the fact that such kids are ordinarily driven away from their networks and schools on going into child care because of constrained private assets inside the current region of the kid. Such exchanges power these kids to join different understudies in their new schools in spite of the uniqueness in schedule inclusion between the two schools. As indicated by Riley (1986), the effect of school moves is extraordinary on the grounds t hat the vast majority of such exchanges happen mid of the school year and the portability rates are higher for those going into child care just because. When a portion of these understudies experience the educational plan, they could have switch schools up to multiple times. As indicated by a recent report done in Chicago Public Schools, understudies who had changed schools for around at least multiple times had lost about a time of instructive development by their sixth year. In the event that such student’s don't get enough regard for arrange them to the new school and therapeutic administrations to find the rest, they wind up falling behind the rest all the scholarly years (Pecora et al, 2003). A portion of the understudies under child care take care of clinical arrangements or legal disputes. Such exercises ordinarily remove the understudy from school and could even outcome to enthusiastic change (Pecora et al, 2003). This implies the understudy will consistently have cla ss work or substance holes because of successive unavoidable truancy. This causes these understudies to become in danger understudies since they may never adapt effectively to the remainder of the class prompting a general low presentation. This makes the understudy free fearlessness prompting a continuation of the pattern. Green (1986) noticed that understudies set under child care have higher paces of improper conduct like truancy, illicit drug use or incautious conduct. This could be because of absence of legitimate and persistent observing in light of the fact that social laborers and parental figures may change a few times during the stay of a kid in child care. This makes their edge of suspended as well as removed understudies more extensive contrasted with that of understudies who are not out of home. A mix of such suspensions or potentially removals, and wrong conduct results to secondary school disappointment and drop out rates among them understudies put under child care. Help and backing to in danger understudies in danger understudies need a great deal of help and backing from guardians, educators and advocates so as to upgrade their instructive levels and accomplishments. As noted before, these understudies experience more disappointment than the remainder of the class and thus they fall behind their companions. This makes them have low confidence which contrarily influences their demeanor towards instruction and to think little of their possibilities. Beveridge (2010) states that the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), underpins instructive changes that are measures based. This depends on a conviction that foundation of objectives and setting of exclusive requirements can improve the instructive results

Alcoholic drinking age should be lowered to 18 in the U.S Free Essays

The savoring age the United States can be considered as a disputable issue since individuals have a questionable disposition in legalities of drinking age. In 1980 the base period of savoring the United States was raised from 18 to 21. The expectation was to diminish the utilization paces of alcohols and tipsy driving among youthful grown-ups. We will compose a custom article test on Fermented drinking age ought to be brought down to 18 in the U.S or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Age-21 law was executed around then and the offer of liquor to the underage was carefully denied (Wiseto Social Issues). These laws are carefully executed yet youngsters are proceeding to purchase liquor and drink wrongfully with counterfeit distinguishing proof cards. The law is actualized in the United States yet it hasn’t halted underage people to quit drinking. Looks into and numerous people have worried on the way that drinking age must be brought down to 18 in the United States. In this paper we will talk about the contentions that are supportive of bringing down as far as possible from 21 to 18. Youthful grown-ups ought to be permitted to drink in controlled conditions like bars, official capacities, bars and so on. Their lawful drinking age must be brought down to 19 or 18 and through controlled condition the wonder of mindful drinking can be instructed. Job displaying and instructive projects must be started and through these projects a reasonable drinking conduct can be normal from youthful grown-ups. There are numerous elements like safety belt and air pack utilization, instruction concerning drink arranged projects and so forth that are answerable for driving issues and mishaps during driving. Buy age isn't constantly liable for driving issues and mishaps during driving. A person who is 18 years of age in America have the option to wed, the option to cast a ballot and so forth. That is the motivation behind why drinking age must be brought down to 18 on the grounds that a multi year old individual is viewed as a grown-up in United States since 18 is the lawful period of adulthood in United States. Dan Levine weights on the point that a multi year old individual can serve the military then why the person can't drink. Dan Levine states that â€Å"If you can hurl an explosive, you ought to unquestionably have the option to hurl back a dose of tequila† (Wiseto Social Issues). Individuals who are 18 years of age must be legitimately permitted to drink and purchase liquor since this would decrease the component of hitting the bottle hard (Wechsler and Wuethrich). Through this methodology youngsters would not overstep the law and this would humor them in grown-up drink. The lawful time of savoring each nation aside from United States is 18 or more youthful. Consistently a huge number of dollars are gone through on twenty one year old drinking law and this law is advanced and implemented by the administration (Kirk) that could be spared. A Michigan look into recommends that in the year 2006, 72.2% of the twelfth graders were accounted for to drink liquor eventually in time in their lives. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse guaranteed that the 20% of the liquor incomes originate from underage drinking.â Similarly, they included that the measure of liquor expended people of 21 years or more have stayed consistent for around forty years (Aretha). In the United States a large portion of the young people devour liquor for the sole motivation behind becoming inebriated. It must be utilized as a commendation to a feast yet young people don’t follow this property of liquor. Hitting the bottle hard in the United States is getting acclaimed and individuals are embracing this perilous propensity in which they have solo situations which can be a destructive issue for these youthful grown-ups. The gauges that are set for savoring the United States have not prevented youngsters from drinking liquor. Liquor abuse in the nation shows expanding patterns and specialists recommend that out of four almost one full time clinical understudy across the country met the clinical limit for substance misuse (Brown). Numerous individuals in the United States accept that bringing down the drinking age is certifiably not a practical choice since it would really bring about intoxicated driving fatalities. This may be considered as a fact in light of the fact that a colossal number of individuals are slaughtered in United States as a result of alcoholic drivers however United States guarantees that it has the most secure streets on the planet. In addition, 69% of the mishaps are from person who are 21 or above (Merino). The most effective method to refer to Alcoholic drinking age ought to be brought down to 18 in the U.S, Papers

Is It Too Early to Start Saving for the Holidays

Is It Too Early to Start Saving for the Holidays Is It Too Early to Start Saving for the Holidays? Is It Too Early to Start Saving for the Holidays?Trick question. Its never too early to start saving. With that in mind, here are some tips and strategies to help you build your holiday shopping nest egg.It’s almost spooky Halloween time which means it’s almost Thanksgiving time which means it’s almost time for both of those times to be ignored in favor of the Holiday Time!Whether you celebrate Christmas, Hanukkah, Winter Solstice, or Festivus, Americans go all out when it comes to holiday spending. Unfortunately, that means your wallet and bank account won’t be filled with holiday cheer. Instead, your holiday cheer will be leaving them completely empty.If you want to be prepared for the shopping challenges to come, you’re going to need to start saving. But is it too early to start saving for the holidays? No, it is not.Every savings expert we talked to assured us that it is not too early to start saving for the holiday season. So you probably know what you should be doing once you finish this article.“It is definitely not too early to start saving for the Holidays,” advised financial educator and ExBanker Joseph Dillard. “In fact, I think it is a little late but not too late. We know that the holidays are the same time every year. I think you should start saving for the holidays at the beginning of the year.”And as we said, Dillard wasn’t alone in suggesting you start your holiday saving right now, if not sooner.“As a third generation thrift shopper, I can honestly say that EVERY day is the perfect day to start saving on holiday shopping!” suggested Carrie Aulenbacher, creator of the Erie Shopping page.Real estate professional Chantay Bridges echoed Dillard’s warning: “Its almost too late. Now is a great time to begin prepping for the next few months, getting ready and get a great head start for the holidays.”OK so now we know that it’s already time to start saving for the holidays, but how would one go about doing that?Make a p lan.There’s a reason Sun Tzu started his less popular sequel, The Art of Saving, with an entire chapter on making plans. Because making plans is the first step towards saving, as our experts advised. Clearly, they got some Sun Tzu in their stockings last holiday season!“Make a list of the people you plan on buying for and place the amount of money you plan on spending on each person,” explained financial coach and author Karen Ford. “Total the figures and that’s your budget for the holidays. Divide that amount with the number of weeks before shopping. This is how much you need to save each week for the shopping trips. The better prepared you are with cash the less likely you’ll need to go into debt.”Dillard backed up that advice: “You should determine how much it is going to cost, then divide that amount evenly throughout the year into weekly, biweekly, or monthly amounts, then have that amount transferred to an online savings account, directly from your paycheck if possible, to make access to it a little more difficult.“Deposit money regularly into another savings account to use for emergencies and to make sure that you do not dip into your holiday savings account. Some banks and credit unions still have what is known as a ‘Christmas Club’ Savings Account. This is specifically for saving for the holidays.”Once your plan is set, you’re going to want to make some adjustments to your lifestyle to make achieving those savings goals easier.Savings strategies.If saving was simple, you’d be doing it perfectly already. But if you want to be in the best possible financial situation for the holidays, it’ll mean some alterations for the rest of the year.Bridges offered us a few such adjustments to consider:“Give yourself a curfew: I know you are no longer a teenager but if you reduce the amount of activities you normally do, including hanging out at night, you are sure to secure more dollars for your holiday savings account.  While your friends run to happy hour, spending their extra cash, yours will be right where it belongs, in your pocket. Go straight home after work and watch your dollars add up!“Switch the script: I know you have a regular routine. Each day you stop by your favorite coffee place, grab a cup, muffin, or breakfast sandwich and head to work. If you switch up a little bit, spend that time making your breakfast pick-me-up at home, you will save a nice portion that can go towards the upcoming holidays with no regret of overspending because youll be ready with extra on hand.“Begin to walk: In lieu of paying for extravagant parking, you can park on the streets a little further out. The exercise will do you good and save your pocketbook  so much you can put it in your holiday fund.”You also don’t have to limit your holiday shopping to the holiday season. In fact, you might save a lot more if you don’t!“I hit estate sales weekly throughout the year and come across all types of holiday decora tions and special (still wrapped! with tags!) gifts that can be picked up on the cheap and added to the present pile at home,” advised Aulenbacher. “Many gifts can be picked up this way that dont even need to be holiday themed.An old book, some unique blown glass piece, anything goes these days for gifts, and estate sale and consignment sale shopping can really help get you set up for holiday gift giving at a fraction of the price. Keeping the person in mind when you shop and finding them something that one cant buy online is sometimes the best way to show you appreciate and care about them.Plus, you save on the budget, dont pay for shipping, and help local entrepreneurs right in your hometown community!”Holiday switch-em-up.In addition to changing the way you do your holiday saving, you could change the way you do your holiday shopping. Maybe even consider less shopping.Here’s what author and financial life planner Michael F. Kay  had to say:“As you approach the holidays, it’s time to consider and confront some big issues. For example, are you going to put a hard budget in place before the holiday music hits the airwaves, or are you perhaps going to shift your celebration away from buying and instead focus on creating an experience to share with those you love and value?There are lots of ways to spend the holidays rather than overspending. Here are a few ideas:“Create a project for your family to join in that might have a charitable intent. I know one family that asks all family members (other than small children) to forgo gifts in exchange for making a family donation to a charity of choice.“Donate time at a soup kitchen or some other project that shifts your focus from spending financial resources to joyful giving.“Have conversations with your family members to arrange holiday celebrations to be more inclusive of combined efforts, such as gift exchanges with a strict limitation on spending.”Whether you decide to go all out or have a more modest holiday season, starting your saving now won’t hurt. And with these tips, your wallet will certainly be feeling a little jollier. To learn more about saving money on everyday activities, check out these related posts from OppLoans:50 Places That Will Give You Free Stuff on Your BirthdayHere’s How to Save on Movies Now That MoviePass is Probably Done4 Simple Ways to Save Money on Your Grocery Billâ€"While Still Eating Healthy!Whats your preferred strategy for holiday saving? We want to hear about it! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsCarrie Aulenbacher is a third generation thrift shopper in Erie, PA, who enjoys sharing her love of saving with her community. She hosts a FB page,  Erie Shopping, where members can see her county-wide map and check out consignment and thrift shops throughout the area to enjoy great savings. In her spare time, she is a romance novelist and working mom who loves a cat in her lap when shes not shopping!Chantay Bridges is A mericas leading mogul, who utilizes her gifts and abilities in outreach to her community and world around her.  She is an exceptional Realtor, (translation: the one you want to hire), Author, Speaker and a keen philanthropist with a strong business acumen.Joseph Dillard  graduated from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois in 1989 with a B.A. in Economics. He has been in the financial services industry for 30 years, with 15 years in Retail Banking Management. Joseph also has a Life Insurance license, in addition to Series 6 and Series 63 licenses. His experience in Banking and involvement in the community lead Joseph to become very passionate about Financial Education. He wants individuals to learn how to take advantage of the financial services industry instead of being taken advantage of by that industry.Karen Ford is a Master Financial Coach, Public Speaker, Entrepreneur, and Best- Selling Author. Her #1 Amazon Best Selling Book “Money Matters” is a discovery for man y.  In “Money Matters” she provides keys to demolishing debt, shares how to budget correctly, and gives principles in wealth building.Michael F. Kay, is the founder and president of Financial Life Focus (FLF) (@FinLifeFocus), a fee-only multi-advisor financial life planning firm. Kay established FLF on the belief that advisors should keep their focus on what their clients find meaningful and help them align their values and their money. Kay, an early leader in the financial life planning movement, is the author of two books: The Feel Rich Project, a playbook that shows readers how to match their money with the life they want and The Business of Life, a guide for financial planners to align their practice with their lives.

Musical Influences and Inspirations from The Master Music and Meaning in Bulgakov’s Masterpiece and Beyond - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Music is a language that doesn’t speak in particular words. It speaks in emotions, and if it’s in the bones, it’s in the bones† Keith Richards From the beginning of time music has been a staple for mankind. Suzanne Boothby in her article â€Å"Does Music Affect Your Mood?† says that â€Å"from the drumbeats of our ancient ancestors to today’s unlimited streaming services, music is an integral part of the human experience† (Boothby). Music can be used as therapy, to invoke memories, and to even release dopamine which results in an elevated mood. Mikhail Bulgakov’s masterpiece novel The Master and Margarita is filled to the brim with music. In the novel, one cannot go more than ten pages at any given time without some sort of reference to music. Unlike many other novels, The Master and Margarita essentially has its own soundtrack. When tracing and investigating the musical references, one begins to develop a deeper understa nding of the work, which I presume to be aligned with Bulgakov’s authorial intent. Though I was unable to come across any hard evidence throughout my research, I hypothesize that Bulgakov was a musical connoisseur. Bulgakov attended operas frequently, enjoyed jazz music at the American Embassy parties, and even had â€Å"a picture of the bass Lev Mikhailovitsk Sibiryakov on his desk† (Vanhellemont) from Gounod’s opera Faust. The first part of my paper will focus on what and who in terms of music influenced Bulgakov in The Master and Margarita. Out of the multitude of musical references within the novel I have decided to mainly focus on these references: Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Aida, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s opera Yevgeny Onegin, Vincent Youmans’s song â€Å"Hallelujah!†, Dimitri Timofeevich Lensky’s vaudeville â€Å"Lev Gurych Sinichkin†, and Dmitri Pavlovich Davydov’s â€Å"Slavnoye Morye†. When analyzing these references, I am going to explore what impact these references have in relation to how music moves the action of the plot, and also how the music chosen comments on the society or social structure of Soviet Russia in Bulgakov’s time. The second part of my paper will focus on musicians who have been influenced by Bulgakov and his masterpiece The Master and Margarita. The musicians and songs I have chosen to analyze are Patti Smith’s â€Å"Banga†, Franz Ferdinand’s â€Å"Love and Destroy†, and the Rolling Stones’ â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil†. Through my research, I have found that not only do these songs reference the novel, but when analyzed for meaning they shed light on alternative aspects or theories pertaining to the overall meaning. The first musical allusion of note is from Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Aida. Aida premiered December 24, 1861 at the Khedivial Opera House in Cario. Verdi’s Aida is set in ancient Egypt and plays out through four acts (Green). Bulgakov loved Verdi’s opera â€Å"very much and quoted it often† (Vanhellemont). Throughout the novel, the exclamation â€Å"gods, gods!† appears ten times. The first words that Pontius Pilate speaks in the novel are â€Å"’Gods, gods, why do you punish me?’† (Bulgakov 17). This expression of â€Å"gods, gods† is derived from the libretto of Aida in the last stanza of Act I Scene I: Oh gods, have pity on my suffering! There is no hope for my sorrow. Fatal love, terrible love, Break my heart, make me die! Oh gods, have pity on my suffering! (Vanhellemont) There are several parallels that can be made between the libretto of Act I Scene I of Aida and The Master and Margarita. First, there is the obvious pa rallel between the libretto and Pilate’s character arc. In the novel, Pilate’s character becomes equated with suffering. Pilate’s suffering derives from his guilt of sentencing Yeshua to death. Even though Pilate was intrigued by Yeshua he still had to put him to death essentially because of politics or diplomacy. Herein arises the question of free will within the novel. In the libretto for Aida it is implied that free will is nonexistent and one’s fate is determined solely by the gods. Throughout The Master and Margarita the question of free will posed by Aida continuously resurfaces. For example, this unique portrayal of free will within the novel can be seen in Woland’s â€Å"death sentence† for the Variety Theater’s bartender Andrey Fokich Sokov. Herein, Woland relays the bad news that Sokov will die of liver cancer in nine months, but he is not acting as a puppeteer pulling the strings of Sokov’s life. If I had to infer, I would assume that it was Sokov’s own poor choices throughout his life that landed him the liver cancer, and not Woland. This type of free will plays out with Pilate as well. It was ultimately Pilate’s own choice to sentence Yeshua to death. One could argue that Woland was present in form of the swallow, and also in form of Pilate’s headaches. But, at the end of the day, Pilate’s choice was his own, and it was a cowardly choice because he was just being a sheep and doing what he was told. There is also a repetition of â€Å"gods, gods† (Bulgakov 383) at the beginning of chapter eighteen â€Å"Forgiveness and Eternal Refuge† in which Pilate’s ultimate fate is discussed. In this chapter, the unholy brood come across Pilate and Banga in hell. Pilate and Banga are tormented with insomnia at the sight of the full moon. About this Woland says, â€Å"’If it is true that cowardice is the greatest sin, the dog is not guilty of it. The only thing the brave dog feared was storm. But, then, those who love must share the fate of those they love’† (386). In this quote, Woland is implying that it was Pilate’s cowardice that landed him in hell and not the gods. â€Å"’Cowardice is the greatest sin’† and by being a sheep for his government and not thinking for himself Pilate displayed cowardice. It turns out though that Pilate is not the only one guilty of cowardice. At the end of the novel Margarita is forced to share her fate with the master in hell because â€Å"’those who love must share the fate of those they love’† (386). Similar to Pilate, the master displayed cowardice by giving up, checking out mentally, and not fighting the system. Even though it was Margarita’s choice to save the master and she displayed great bravery in her rescue, she is still condemned to spend eternity in hell because of his great sin of cowardice. The second important mu sical reference that surfaces in The Master and Margarita is to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s opera Yevgeny Onegin. This reference occurs in chapter four when Ivan is running through Moscow chasing after Woland and the gang. While he is running all the â€Å"windows were open. In each window there was a lamp under an orange shade, and from all windows, all doors, all gateways, roofs and attics, cellars and courtyards, came the hoarse blasts of the polonaise from the opera Yevgeny Onegin† (57). The reference then continues over to the following page: â€Å"he was inexpressibly tormented for some reason by the ubiquitous orchestra accompanying a heavy basso who sang of his love for Tatyana† (58). In this quote Bulgakov describes the â€Å"first scene of the third act of this opera, in which Onegin meets the prince Gremin. Gremin was married to Tatyana, which whom Onegin had flirted himself† (Vanhellemont). Tchaikovsky’s opera is based on the Alexander P ushkin novel of the same name. Pushkin’s novel and the opera are a staple of classical Russian culture, and act as a symbol of old ways or nostalgia within the novel. The polonaise for Yevgeny Onegin acts as the perfect action-packed, thrilling, and brilliant soundtrack to accompany Ivan. To have this classic Russian polonaise playing while Ivan is frantically running is ironic. Ivan, Berlioz, and their fellow writers openly mock and reject the culture that Yevgeny Onegin represents. In a more symbolic reading of the scene, Ivan is not only running because of Woland and the crew, but he is also fleeing from the classic Russian culture. Yet, the polonaise attempts to appeal to Ivan’s humanity or sympathy with the reference to the â€Å"basso who sang of his love for Tatyana† (Bulgakov 58). Bulgakov’s inclusion of this line is intriguing. It implies that the opera is attempting to appeal to Ivan and call him to reconcile with is roots or the classical roots . Additionally, it is of great importance that the polonaise is coming from â€Å"all windows, all doors, all gateways, roofs and attics, cellars and courtyards† (57). The borderline excessive listing of platforms of sound reinforces the standardization of Soviet society at the time. Not only do all of the citizens have the same program, that is playing the same song, but also all of the people appear to be listening to their radios at the same time. Though this scene is comical and light, it retains a serious undertone when taking into consideration censorship and the Soviet experiment. Next, I will be discussing American composer Vincent Youmans’s song â€Å"Hallelujah!†. Throughout the novel, â€Å"Hallelujah!† is alluded to on three separate occasions. For this section, I will first list all of the references and their context within the novel, and then I will analyze the effect of the song as a whole on the commentary of the novel. The first allusion surfaces in chapter five â€Å"The Affair at Griboyedov’s†. While the MASSOLIT writers are dancing a man’s voice â€Å"no longer sang but howled, ‘Hallelujah!’ The clashing of the golden cymbals occasionally covered even the clatter of the dishes which the dishwashers were sending down the chute into the kitchen. In short, hell† (66). â€Å"Hallelujah!† begins playing directly before the writers of MASSOLIT learn the fate of their leader Berlioz. The second reference of this tune surfaces after doctor Kuzmin’s run-in with Sokov in chapter 18, â€Å"The Luckless Visitors†. After arriving at home Kuzmin heard the phonograph playing â€Å"Hallelujah!† and a sparrow flew in and â€Å"limped on its left foot, obviously clowning and dragging it, moving in syncopation—in short, it was dancing a fox trot to the music of the phonograph like a drunk in a bar† (231). The third references arises in chapter 23 at â€Å"Satan’s Great Ball†. In this chapter, there is a two-page sequence (pages 278-279) where there is a duel between the deceased Johann Strauss conducting a classical polonaise and a jazz band belting out â€Å"Hallelujah!†. In order to understand why â€Å"Hallelujah!† is referenced thrice, one must first analyze the lyrics: â€Å"Satan lies a waitin’ and creatin’ skies of grey (skies of grey), but hallelujah, hallelujah helps to shoo the clouds away† (Vanhellemont). The word hallelujah is in the traditional sense a praise to God, but in the context of the novel, it is used ironically as a call or beckoning for Woland/Satan. The first reference comes literally a page before the MASSOLIT writers learn of Berlioz’s death, which Woland meddled in and predicted. The second reference is after Woland meddled in Sokov’s life and told him he would die of liver cancer, and directly before the leech incident and the appearanc e of the odd Hella/Azazello/Behemoth/Woland creature’s arrival. And the third reference is only pages before Woland’s arrival at his own ball. Jazz essentially transforms into a symbol of the devil or the devil’s work within the context of the novel. It is interesting to consider the mere inclusion of jazz due to the fact that the majority of other music references are grounded in the classical or traditional. Bulgakov was first introduced to jazz through American embassy parties thrown at the Spaso House, the American embassy in Moscow. According to Anna Sorokina in her article â€Å"6 Secrets of U.S. Ambassador Residence in Moscow that Sound Like Myths†, Bulgakov was â€Å"hugely influenced by the 1935 Spring Festival† (Sorokina). The Spring Festival that Bulgakov attended was held on â€Å"April 24, 1935 at Spaso House [and] is legendary for being one of the most lavish parties ever held by the U.S. mission abroad†¦ according to his wife, after the party he radically rewrote the chapter entitled ‘The Spring Ball of the Full Moon’ (‘Satan’s ball’)† (Sorokina). Jazz was something new and foreign to Soviet Society, so it is interesting that Bulgakov used it in association with the devil. I would go as far to argue that jazz, like Bulgakov, resisted the traditions of classical conventions, and this frightened people. It is also important to note that shorty after â€Å"Hallelujah!† is played all three times, people are taken away to the mental hospital. First is Ivan, then doctor Kuzmin, and then more obscurely the Master (after he died) visiting Ivan. Knowing that these people are carted away after hearing â€Å"Hallelujah!† forces me to think of jazz in a societal context. Unlike the predominant classical music of the time, jazz does not play by any rules. It is unpredictable, subversive, and ultimately threatening to classical music—just like an enlightened m ind is to society. The succeeding, and possibly most strange musical allusion I will be discussing is the inclusion and inversion of Dimitri Timofeevich Lensky’s â€Å"Lev Gurych Sinichkin, or a Provincial Debutante† in chapter 12 of The Master and Margarita. Chapter 12 titled â€Å"Black Magic and Its Full Exposà ©Ã¢â‚¬  details the disorder that Woland and the gang cause through an extravagant magic show. In this magic show money falls from the ceiling, Bengalsky is beheaded and then re-headed, and women are awarded the finest clothing. While greed consumes and corrupts the citizens, Behemoth forces the conductor to play a march. In the Mirra Ginsburg translation of the text, the band strikes up a â€Å"half-absurd, half-blind, recklessly merry† tune with the lyrics: His very excellent excellency Loved domestic chicks. He always had under his wing Four, or five, or six. (Bulgakov 146) These lyrics are undeniably absurd, but they also vary per translation of the novel. The other translation of Bulgakov’s version of this tune comes from Pevear/Volokhonsky and goes like: His Excellency reached the stage Of liking barnyard fowl. He took under his patronage Three young girls and an owl!! (Vanhellemont) Now, the original words for the Dmitri Timofeevich Lensky song, translation by Kevin Moss are: His Excellency calls her his own and even patronage renders to her. (Vanhellemont) These versions paint three very different pictures. Clearly, Bulgakov’s version, despite translation, is meant to jest and even make a mockery of the original song. Still though, it initially seems odd for Bulgakov to place a piece of this nature directly at the conclusion of Woland’s magic show. Through my research and contemplation, I have come up with two intermingling theories for the placement and usage of â€Å"His Excellency†. First, the chaos and nonsense of the song’s lyrics mirror the chaos in Moscow caused by Woland. At t he time when The Master and Margarita was being written, Russia was a Communist country. Communism advocated for the elimination of private property. When Woland and gang began throwing around money, garments, etc. everyone attending the show should not have gone wild because the Communist society in theory provides everything that citizens need. But, mass chaos erupted and the sheer greed of humanity prevailed. The absurdity of this song essentially acts as a parallel to the absurdity of Communist society. Intermingling with the absurdity of the lyrics, it is necessary to note that â€Å"His Excellency† is a march. According to Encyclopedia Britannica a march in musical form has an â€Å"even meter (in 2/4 or 4/4/) with strongly accented first beats to facilitate military marching† (Britannica). Yet, in this scene within the novel no one is marching—there is no order, only chaos. Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica also note that in the â€Å"20th century, Serg ey Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky evoked the march for satirical purposes as well† (Britannica). With this information from the Encyclopedia Britannica, I would argue that Bulgakov used â€Å"His Excellency† to satirize the standardization or conformity of Communist Russia. Bulgakov saw people for the individuals that they were, and called attention to the absurdity of the Soviet experiment. To continue along the lines of Bulgakov’s critique of Communist society, an intriguing inclusion of â€Å"Slavnoye Morye† or in English â€Å"Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal† occurs. â€Å"Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal† is a song that was â€Å"thought up by prisoners from the Nerchinsk prison camp in Siberia around 1850. It was based on the poem ‘Dumy beglesta na Bakalye’ or ‘The Soul of the Fugitives in the Baikal’, which was written in 1848 by Dmitri Pavlovich Davydov† (Vanhellemont). In chapter 17, titled â€Å"A Troubled Da y†, Vasily Stepanovich ventures to the Commission on Spectacles and Light Entertainment to report the events that occurred at Woland’s black magic show. However, Vasily is greeted by a man-less suit and a cursed staff. Said staff in a sort of mass hypnosis start singing together a â€Å"well-known exile song about the Baikal Lake in Siberia† (Vanhellemont). Between pages 205-208 the employees are unwillingly bursting into song: But suddenly they somehow automatically began the second verse. They were led by Kosarchuk, who may not have had a perfect ear, but had a rather pleasant high tenor. They finished it. The conductor was still absent! They dispersed to their places, but before they had time to sit down, they burst into song once more, against their own will. They tried to stop—impossible. They would be silent for three minutes, and again burst into song. Silence—song! They realized they were in trouble. (Bulgakov 208) The employees of the Commi ssion on Spectacles and Light Entertainment only became desperately cursed after their leader Prokhor Petrovich proclaimed out of annoyance â€Å"the devil take me!† (204). Instead of only punishing Pertovich for using the devil’s name in vain, Woland punishes everyone. This punishment appears to be a well-defined comment on the structure of Soviet society. Though Stalin is in control up top doing whatever he wants, it is the common man that is being punished. An entire people are being condemned for the actions and decisions of one man. This train of thought once again conjures the concept of free will. It could be argued that no one in Soviet society, especially at a government job such as the fictitious Commission on Spectacles and Light Entertainment, or even MASSOLIT have any autonomy or free will. And, if one exercised their autonomy or free will and Stalin decided he did not like it, the end result is exile or death. The punishment for the employees of Commissio n on Spectacles and Light Entertainment could also be in part for their cowardice. It was Bulgakov’s belief that cowardice is the pitfall of man, and in his eyes, there is nothing more cowardly than giving in to the establishment and working for the man. These people are not only imprisoned to Woland, but they are also in a more practical sense imprisoned to their jobs and status within Soviet society. This sense of imprisonment is also ironic due to the fact that â€Å"Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal† is a song that became popular from a prison camp. In addition, it must also be noted that the fate of the employees of Commission on Spectacles and Light Entertainment results in a stay at Professor Stravinsky’s hospital. Now, not only are their minds in a state of imprisonment, but also their physical bodies, which results in a complete level of hopelessness. There are no winners at this time in Soviet society. After taking the time to discuss what I deem to be integ ral music references in Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita, I am now going to switch gears a bit and explore three songs that were inspired by Bulgakov’s masterpiece. In this section I will be investigating Patti Smith’s â€Å"Banga†, Franz Ferdinand’s â€Å"Love and Destroy†, and the Rolling Stones’ â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil†. What I have found through my research is that these songs not only reference The Master and Margarita, but they also provide a unique lens in which the novel can be analyzed. In 2012, legendary American rock singer Patti Smith released her album titled Banga. From her early days on, Smith has admitted to being inspired by Russian novels and novelists. The title song of the album, â€Å"Banga† is thoroughly inspired by Bulgakov’s creature-inclusive plot lines in Heart of a Dog, The Fatal Eggs, and The Master and Margarita. Smith’s insightful lyrics allow one to initiate a guided d ive into the loyalty showcased throughout The Master and Margarita. The lyric â€Å"you can leave him twice, but he won’t leave you† (Patti Smith) is a clear reference to Pontius Pilate’s faithful mutt Banga. But, I would argue that Smith’s lyric could also apply to Margarita, especially because even though the master had left her, she did everything in her power—even selling her soul, to get him back. Hearing this lyric, I am reminded of what Woland says of Pilate and his pup: â€Å"When the moon is full, he is tormented, as you see, with insomnia. And it torments not only him, but also his faithful guardian, the dog. If it is true that cowardice is the greatest sin, the dog is not guilty of it. The only thing the brave dog feared was storm. But, then, those who love must share the fate of those they love.† (Bulgakov 385-386) This quote demonstrations a parallel between Banga and Margarita as they are both condemned to follow those they lov e into the depths of hell. Both Banga and Margarita did not abandon those they love, which is ultimately a great act of courage. Margarita literally went to hell and back to save the master, and Banga essentially did the same. With both Margarita and Banga there is a sense of courage within their blind loyalty. But, on the other hand their loved ones, Pilate and the master each exhibit great cowardice. The master exhibits cowardice by burning his manuscripts, giving himself up to the system, and secretly checking himself into a mental hospital so as to not rock the boat. Pilate exhibited cowardice by sentencing an innocent man to death because his government job forced him to do so. Yet, the irony is both the courageous and the cowardly all find themselves ultimately in hell. So, I wonder if both Bulgakov and Smith are warning one to be careful of whom they love, and to what degree they love—or possibly implying something like â€Å"do not love a coward who gives into the sy stem because they will just drag you down to hell too†. In 2004, Scottish rock band Franz Ferdinand released their song â€Å"Love and Destroy† on the B-side of their album Michael. â€Å"Love and Destroy† has an upbeat rock tempo with an incredibly catchy chorus. The lyrics of the song focus on aspects of Margarita’s experience on Walpurgis night. In the article â€Å"Reading the music: What Mick Jagger and Mikhail Bulgakov have in common† Alex Kapranos, the front-man of Franz Ferdinand explains what The Master and Margarita means to him: â€Å"Unlike many novels that explore the conflict between Jesus and Pontius Pilate and quickly become theological essays, Bulgakov introduces the Jesus-Pilate conflict and supporting events within a story set in the modern day Russia, complete with witches, sorcery, a Satan’s ball and accurate portraits of somewhat complex, contradictory and sometimes despicable Russian characters bred under absurd commun ist notions of utopian society† (RBTH). Though Kapranos’s take on the novel as a whole is interesting, the lyrics to â€Å"Love and Destroy† seem to focus more on Margarita and a notion of freedom from the oppressive, standardized Soviet society. The lyrics that stood out most for me from the song are in verse one and verse three. Verse one goes like: â€Å"I’m so free I could lacerate/ Rip the robes right off of my chest/ I fly high above the Muscovites’ sky/ I’m going to rip, rip, I’ll never rest† (Franz Ferdinand). What caught my attention with these lyrics was the violent word choice, the â€Å"lacerate† and the repetition of â€Å"rip†. This choice of words forces me to think of the pressures and constraints placed upon citizens of communist Russia. Herein, Margarita is violently attempting to rip herself away from said constraints, and it appears the only way to do that is by separating herself from Moscow by flying in the sky. The third verse goes like: â€Å"I’m so free as I meet you/ Welcoming back, the Queen of the ball/ It’s dark beneath the Muscovites’ sky/ But you give, you give me it all† (Franz Ferdinand). This verse allows me to believe that in Bulgakov’s satirized version of society, the only way to truly be free from the oppressive government is to literally become a witch and fly around naked. I realize that this is an exaggeration, but it provides an insight into how bad things really were, how constrictive and domineering Communist Russia really was. Analyzing The Master and Margarita through the lens of â€Å"Love and Destroy† makes me question if in Bulgakov’s mind Woland is the real savior and not Yeshua. In the context of the novel, Woland grants freedom to many. He frees Natasha by forever transforming her into a witch, he ultimately provides salvation for Pilot near the end of the novel, and Woland also frees both the master and Margarita by giving them all they ever wanted. Yeshua, in the context of the novel, literally does not doing anything. He dies and then disappears (more or less) from the storyline. Multiple roles appear to be inverted within the novel. For example, Margarita is not the stereotypical damsel in distress waiting for her prince charming, but rather she is the one who saves the master. By inverting these roles, Bulgakov fosters a sense of discomfort and distrust which ultimately can be reflected onto the society of the time. On December 6, 1968, uber-famous rock band The Rolling Stones released one of their greatest songs of all-time â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil†. â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil† was written by front-man Mick Jagger after his then girlfriend Marianne Faithfull provided him with a copy of Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. There are many clear parallels to the novel in lyrics, especially in verse one and verse two. Verse one says: â€Å"P lease allow me to introduce myself/ I’m a man of wealth and taste/ I’ve been around for a long, long year/ Stole many a man’s soul and faith/ And I was ‘round when Jesus Christ/ Had his moment of doubt and pain/ Made damn sure that Pilate/ Washed his hands and sealed his fate† (The Rolling Stones). The first two lines are a direct equivalent to Woland’s initial meeting with Berlioz and Ivan. In addition, the devil in â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil† shares the same feeling about Pontius Pilate’s fate. The lines in verse two are less closely paired with the novel: â€Å"I stuck around St. Petersburg/ When I saw it was a time for a change/ Killed the Czar and his ministers/ Anastasia screamed in vain/ I rode a tank, held a general’s rank/ When the Blitzkrieg raged and the bodies stank† (The Rolling Stones). Though the lyrics here are not directly tied to any of the characters or plot like the lines in verse one, they are still â€Å"famous events from Russian history which are explicitly or indirectly commented on by Bulgakov in the novel† (Vanhellemont). What is arguably most interesting about â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil† is that it is written in first person narrative from the devil’s perspective. Yet, even though it is written from the devil’s perspective, the devil is not actively committing atrocities. But rather, the devil is just there on standby—to watch as fate takes its course. It seems that â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil† is implying that mankind incites its own downfall, not God or the devil. The atmosphere and â€Å"construction of the song fit also perfectly with the book. The band worked with rather unusual instruments†¦ after a long process of (re)working it became a samba, which Jagger called ‘hypnotic’ and Richards called ‘insane’† (Vanhellemont). Almost in a trance itself, humanity is in a strong cycle of committing atrocities against one another. It happened in Bulgakov’s time, before Bulgakov’s time, and will continue to happen after Bulgakov’s time. In the novel, there are some events that are clearly perpetuated by Woland—such as Varenukha becoming a vampire, or Nikolai turning into a pig. But, at the novel’s close all previous issues perpetuated by Woland (that want to be resolved) are resolved. Woland does not condemn Berlioz or Sokov to death, but rather he just predicts it and watches as the inevitable occurs. Ultimately, the numerous musical references that Bulgakov makes throughout The Master and Margarita allow readers to establish a better picture of Bulgakov’s intent for the novel. The music acts as a perfect soundtrack to accompany the action of the plot. In addition, the musical references specifically speak to the standardization of Soviet Russia and other terrible societal structures of the time. It is my hope that as time progresses, artists and musicians will continue to be inspired by Bulgakov’s masterpiece and continue to produce illuminating songs, such as Patti Smith’s â€Å"Banga†, Franz Ferdinand’s â€Å"Love and Destroy†, and The Rolling Stones’ â€Å"Sympathy for the Devil†Ã¢â‚¬â€which all contribute additional rich material in which one can analyze of the text. Works Cited Banga. Patti Smith. Banga. 2012. Boothby, Suzanne. Does Music Affect Your Mood? 13 April 2017. Heathline. 6 May 2018. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. March . 4 March 2016. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 4 May 2018. Bulgakov, Mikhail. The Master and Margarita. Trans. Mirra Ginsburg. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1967. Green, Aaron. Verdis Aida: Synopsis. 14 August 2017. ThoughtCo. 2018. Love and Destroy. Franz Ferdinand. Michael [Single]. Prod. Tore Johansson. 2004. March (music). 29 April 2018. Wikipedia. 4 May 2018. RBTH. Reading the music: What Mick Jagger and Mikhail Bulgakov have in common. 11 March 2016. Russia Beyond. 6 May 2018. Sorokina, Anna. 6 Secrets of U.S. Ambassador Residence in Moscow that Sound Like Myths. 4 July 2017. Russia Beyond. 2 May 2018. Sympathy for the Devil. The Rolling Stones. Beggars Banquet. 1968. Vanhellemont, Jan. Musical Themes of the Novel. 2017. Master Margarita. 2018.